语言竞争动因研究的新进展

A Review of Competing Motivation Research in Linguistics

本文回顾了国外语言竞争动因的研究,重点归纳了优选论、功能类型学和竞争模型理论框架下竞争动因理论研究和实证研究的新进展。我们发现语言竞争动因研究在理论框架和研究方法上都存在共性和差异。在理论框架层面,共性表现为优选论、功能类型学和竞争模型都认可竞争动因对语言形式的影响,差异体现在竞争原则的普遍性和绝对性,以及竞争解决方案的类型上。在方法论层面,竞争动因的研究对象几乎涵盖了语言学研究的各个层面,并且采用定性、定量或两者结合的研究方法。最后,本文阐述了竞争动因研究的发展方向和对国内研究的启示。

This paper reviews the empirical and theoretical studies abroad on competing motivation(CM)in linguistics,focusing on the new developments in research under three theoretical frameworks:optimality theory,functional typology and the competition model.It is found that there are similarities and differences on both theoretical and methodological levels.Theoretically,the three frameworks all confirm the effects of CM on language,but differ in terms of universality and absoluteness of competing principles,and type of resolution.Methodologically,the research topics cover almost all areas in linguistics while the methods are qualitative,quantitative,or a combination of the two.The article concludes with directions for further development of the research area in general and some implications for domestic research in particular.