红外及太赫兹辐照下细胞膜生物效应的研究进展

Research progress of biological effects of cell membrane under infrared and terahertz irradiation

太赫兹电磁波辐照,包括其短波段红外波辐照,因具有无创和非电离特性在生物科学中展现出广泛和重要的应用前景.细胞膜是生物细胞保持完整性和内稳态的重要生物屏障,也是太赫兹辐照时电磁场首先作用到的细胞结构,细胞膜对电磁场的响应是大部分太赫兹生物效应产生的机理.本文首先论述了太赫兹辐照应用的安全性及其在生命医药、神经调节以及人工智能领域中应用的新前景,然后从太赫兹电磁辐照下磷脂膜的介电响应特性、细胞膜离子通道蛋白的离子跨膜输运、磷脂膜上大分子及离子的跨膜输运、以及太赫兹辐照下细胞膜生物效应的潜在应用和作用四方面,对太赫兹电磁辐照下细胞膜生物效应领域的研究发展进行系统论述,同时介绍了太赫兹电磁辐照时能够开启细胞膜上压控钙离子通道、压控钾离子通道和主动运输的钙离子通道、以及在磷脂膜上产生亲水孔等科学发现.最后,总结并展望了太赫兹辐照下细胞膜生物效应研究的努力方向.

Irradiation of terahertz electromagnetic wave including its short-wave band in infrared wave shows broad and important application prospects in biological science due to its noninvasive and nonionizing nature. Cell membrane is an important biological barrier for keeping cell integrity and homeostasis, and it is also the cellular structure that electromagnetic fields act first on in the case of terahertz irradiation. The responses of cell membrane to the electromagnetic fields are the mechanisms for most of the biological effects of terahertz irradiation. First, in this paper are expatiated the application safety of terahertz irradiation and its new application prospects in life medicine, neural regulation and artificial intelligence. Then, systematically described are the researches and developments in the biological effects of cell membrane under terahertz electromagnetic irradiation from the following four aspects: the dielectric response characteristics of phospholipid membrane to terahertz electromagnetic irradiation, the transmembrane transport of ions through membrane ion channel proteins under the irradiation, the transmembrane transport of macromolecules and ions through phospholipid membrane under the irradiation, and the potential applications and role of biological effects of cell membrane under the irradiation. Meanwhile, introduced in this paper are the scientific discoveries that terahertz electromagnetic irradiation is able to activate voltage-gated calcium channels, voltage-gated potassium channels and active transport calcium channels in cell membrane and to create hydrophilic pores on the phospholipid membrane of cell membrane. Finally, the directions of future efforts to study the biological effects of cell membrane under terahertz irradiation are presented.