航天领域低密度烧蚀材料的研究进展

Research Progress of Low-density Ablation Materials in the Aerospace Field

烧蚀热防护材料对需要在高热流密度、高焓值、气动加热时间长的环境下稳定工作的航天飞行器具有重大作用,并且随着飞行器马赫数与续航的持续提高,对热防护材料的性能提出了更高的要求,低密度烧蚀材料因具有防隔热一体化功能是目前航天领域热防护材料的重点研究方向。综述了气凝胶材料、低密度酚醛基复合材料、低密度硅基复合材料等航天领域低密度烧蚀材料国内外的发展与研究现状,为未来高性能航天领域防热材料提供探索方向与研究思路。

Ablative thermal protection materials play a major role in aerospace vehicles that need to work stably in an environment of high heat flux,high enthalpy,and long aerodynamic heating time,and continue to increase with the continuous improvement of the aircraft’s Mach number and endurance.The aerospace field puts forward higher requirements for the performance of thermal protection materials.Low-density ablation materials are currently the key research direction of thermal protection materials in the aerospace field because of their integrated functions of heat insulation.This article reviews the development and research status of low-density ablation materials in the aerospace field such as aerogel materials,phenolic-based materials and silicone-based composite materials.The purpose is to provide exploration directions and research ideas for the future high-performance space heat protection materials.