定性和定编改革对国有林场职工工资收入的影响研究

Study on the Influence of Qualitative Reform and Fixed Personal Establishment Reform on the Wage Income of Employees in State-owned Forest Farms

定性和定编改革作为国有林场改革的重要措施之一,旨在改变国有林场性质的同时,改善民生,提高职工收入,从林场职工福利的视角来评估国有林场定性和定编改革的实施效果具有重要现实意义。文章在梳理现有文献和理论机制分析的基础上,采用2012-2018年浙江、江西、湖南、甘肃、山东、四川、吉林、河北、广东、福建10个省125个国有林场的跟踪调查数据,对国有林场改革状况进行描述性统计分析,并采用双重差分法和固定效应模型研究定性和定编改革对职工工资收入的影响。研究结果表明:(1)从整体上看,定性和定编改革政策实施后分别使职工工资收入提高了9.37%和17.42%,政策改革影响显著。(2)从不同岗位来看,定性和定编改革对不同岗位职工收入的影响存在差异。管理岗位职工在国有林场定性和定编改革中受益最大,工勤岗位职工次之,专技岗位职工最小。对此,文章提出了两点政策启示:(1)要继续推进定编制度,完善国有林场改革方案。(2)针对不同岗位职工收入存在的差异优化管理,合理设定三类岗位比例,加强职工培训,鼓励引进高质量专业技术人才,以解决林场专业技术人员缺乏以及岗位设置不合理等问题。

As one of the important measures of the reform of state-owned forest farms,qualitative reform and fixed personal establishment reform aim to change the nature of state-owned forest farms, improve people’s livelihood and improve employee income. It is of great practical significance to evaluate the implementation effect of qualitative reform and fixed personal establishment reform of state-owned forest farms from the perspective of employee welfare. Based on reviewing the analysis of existing literatures and theoretical mechanism, this paper makes a descriptive statistical analysis on the reform of state-owned forest farms by using the tracking survey data of 125 state-owned forest farms in 10 provinces, including Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Gansu, Shandong,Sichuan, Jilin, Hebei, Guangdong and Fujian from 2012 to 2018. Difference in difference models and fixed effects model is used to study the impact of qualitative reform and fixed personal establishment reform on employees’ wage income. The results show that:(1)On the whole, the qualitative reform and fixed personal establishment reform significantly increased the wage income of employees by 9.37% and 17.42% respectively, and the reform has a significant impact.(2)From different posts, there are differences in the impact of qualitative reform and fixed personal establishment reform on the income of employees in different posts, among which the management staff benefited the most from the reform of qualitative and quota of state-owned forest farms, followed by the work post staff, and the technical staff is the least. Hence, this paper raises two policy inspiration, including:(1)We should continue to promote the allocation of personnel, and improve the reform program of stateowned forest farms.(2)Due to the differences in the impact of the current reform on the income of employees in different posts, it is proposed to optimize management, reasonably set the proportion of three types of posts,strengthen employee training, and encourage the introduction of high-quality professional and technical talents,so as to solve many problems such as the lack of professional and technical personnel and the unreasonable post setting in the forest farm.