新型林业经营主体对小农增收的影响路径与效果研究——基于浙江、福建、江西3个省的调查

Research on the Path and Effect of Promoting Income Increase of Small Peasants by New Forestry Management Organizations

新型林业经营主体包括专业大户、家庭林场、林业合作社、林业龙头企业等,其对促进小农增收具有重要作用。文章基于2019年浙江、福建、江西3个省新型林业经营主体和小农的调查数据,从转移就业效应、工资溢出效应和技术溢出效应3个方面进行了新型林业经营主体对小农收入的影响分析研究。结果表明:(1)新型林业经营主体通过"带动作用"直接提高小农的家庭总收入和家庭林业收入,转移就业效应的直接增收效果分别为73.2%和126.8%,工资溢出效应的直接增收效应分别为67.3%和120.4%,技术溢出效应的直接增收效应分别为66.6%和120.9%;(2)新型林业经营主体通过"示范作用"间接提高小农的家庭总收入和家庭林业收入,转移就业效应的间接增收效应分别为1.5%和3.3%,工资溢出效应的间接增收效应分别为7.5%和9.6%,技术溢出效应的间接增收效应分别为8.2%和9.2%;(3)户主的受教育年限直接影响新型林业经营主体的经营水平,对家庭总收入和家庭林业收入的影响效应分别为12.9%和9.2%。文章提出政策启示:(1)鼓励和引导小农参加各种形式的林业经营组织,构建并完善新型林业经营体系和组织内部的利益联结机制;(2)强化林业技术培训和小农受教育程度,提高新型林业经营主体的经营水平;(3)建立有效的社会化服务体系,改善新型林业经营主体的发展环境。

The new forestry management organizations include professional large family, forestry farm, forestry cooperative, forestry leading enterprises and so on, which play an important role in promoting the income increase of small peasants. Based on the survey data of the small peasants and the new forestry management organizations in Zhejiang, Fujian and Jiangxi provinces in 2019, this research analyzed the impact of new forestry management organizations on the income of the small peasants from three aspects: transfer employment effect, wage spillover effect and technology spillover effect. The results showed that:(1)The new forestry management organizations directly increase the total household income and household forestry income of small peasants through "driving action", and the direct income increase effects of employment transfer are 73.2% and 126.8% respectively, the direct income increase effects of wage spillover effects are 67.3% and 120.4% respectively, and the direct income increase effects of technology spillover effects are 66.6% and 120.9% respectively.(2)The new forestry management organizations indirectly increase the total household income and household forestry income of small peasants through "demonstration action", and the indirect income increase effects of employment transfer are 1.5% and 3.3%respectively, the indirect income increase effects of wage spillover are 7.5% and 9.6% respectively, and the indirect income increase effects of technology spillover are 8.2% and 9.2% respectively.(3)The educational years of the household head directly affect the management level of the new forestry business entities, and the impact effects of the total household income and the household forestry income are 12.9% and 9.2% respectively. The research showed that:(1)Encourage and guide small peasants to participate in various forms of agricultural management organizations, and construct and improve the new forestry management system and the interest linkage mechanism within the organization.(2)Strengthen agricultural technical training and education level of small peasants, and improve the management level of the new forestry management organizations.(3)Establish an effective socialized service system and improve the development environment of the new forestry management organizations.