重复使用运载器制导与控制技术综述

Review of guidance and control technologies for reusable launch vehicles

本文对重复使用运载器制导与控制技术进行综述。随着航天技术的发展,对航天运载器重复使用的需求也日益剧增,具备可复用的天地往返运输能力也一直是航天工业追求的重要目标之一,而制导与控制将发挥重要的作用。首先回顾了全球范围内重复使用运载器的研究进展,随后从不同的维度对其发展途径进行分类和分析,并从垂直起飞垂直着陆(VTVL)、垂直起飞水平着陆(VTHL)、水平起飞水平着陆(HTHL)等3个方面对制导与控制的需求进行了梳理。针对不同的起降模式,详细构建了完整的制导与控制模型、约束与目标函数,从而对比在不同场景下制导与控制的特点和挑战。在此基础上,对在VTVL、VTHL、HTHL 3种工作方式下制导与控制理论研究与工程实践中所取得的研究成果进行分析,并对各种方法的特点进行了论述和比对。最后对本领域当前亟待突破的技术难点和发展趋势进行了讨论,并对推动重复使用运载器应用的重点研究方向进行了归纳和展望。

This paper reviews the guidance and control technologies of the Reusable Launch Vehicle(RLV). With the development of the aerospace technology, the demand for RLVs is also increasing rapidly. It has been one of the important goals of the aerospace industry to acquire the capability of reusable transportation to and from space. Guidance and control technologies play an important role in the development of RLVs. This paper first reviews the research progress of RLVs worldwide, analyzing their development approaches from different views of point, and sorting out the requirements of guidance and control from three aspects: Vertical Takeoff and Vertical Landing(VTVL), Vertical Takeoff and Horizontal Landing(VTHL), and Horizontal Takeoff and Horizontal Landing(HTHL). The complete guidance and control models, constraints and objective functions for RLVs of different liftoff and landing modes are elaborated. The features and challenges of the guidance and control technologies in different scenarios are compared. Theoretical and practical achievements in guidance and control for VTVL, VTHL, and HTHL missions are reviewed, and the characteristics of these methods are analyzed and compared. The technical challenges and development trends in guidance and control of RLVs are also explored, and the key research directions to promote the application of RLVs are discussed.