‘长林3号’油茶传粉生物学特性与繁育系统的研究

Pollination Biology and Breeding System of Camellia oleifera

以‘长林3号’油茶为试验材料,对其传粉生物学特性与繁育系统进行综合研究,对其物候期与花期进行观察,并分别采用TTC法、I2-KI法、联苯胺-过氧化氢法对其花粉活力与柱头可授性进行检测,利用杂交指数估算(OIC)、花粉胚珠比(P/O)、去雄套袋人工控制授粉等检测繁育系统,同时野外观测昆虫访花习性.结果表明:油茶花期从当年10月至11月,单花花期为6-7 d、TTC染色法花粉活力(68.80%)优于I_(2)-KI染色法花粉活力(63.67%)、单花花粉粒为33117.00±109.57粒、13枚胚珠、OIC为4、P/O值为2547.46、油茶坐果率为0-53.33%,依次为T_(6)<T_(5)<T_(1)<CK<T_(2)<T_(3).油茶的繁育系统为兼性异交型,有较低的自交亲和性,需要传粉者授粉,大分舌蜂和油茶地蜂是其主要传粉者.

This study examined the breeding system and pollination biology of‘Changlin 3’cultivars from Camellia oleifera,through its’floral biology,pollen viability,stigma receptivity,breeding system and major pollinators.The life of a single flower and the population were observed.Pollen viability was tested with the TTC staining method and I2-KI staining method,in which red pollen was regarded as viable while black and pink pollen were regarded as inviable.Stigma receptivity was determined with benzidine and hydrogen peroxide,which allowed the identification of air bubbles and produced a range of color intensities,with darker colors representing stronger stigma receptivity.The breeding system was detected by applying an out-crossing index,a pollen ovule ratio(P/O),and artificial pollination using emasculation,pollination and bagging.The major pollinator species and their foraging behavior in the field were also observed.The results showed that the florescence of Camellia oleifera was from October to November of year.The anthesis of a single flower was for 6 to 7 days.The pollen viability of Camellia oleifera was 68.8%by TTC staining method better than 63.67%by I2-KI staining method.A flower produced 33117.00±109.57 pollen grains,and 13 ovules.The out-crossing index(OIC)was 4,and the pollen ovule ratio was 2547.46.The fruit set rate was from 0%to 53.33%,which the highest was T3,the lowest was T6.The other fruit set-rates wereT2,CK,T4,T1andT5 respectively.The breeding system of Camellia oleifera is dominated by facultative out-crossing hwith a small part of self-crossing,sopollination process requires pollinators.The major pollinators included Colletes gigas and Andrena Comellia.