南方多雨地区村镇垃圾理化特性分析及对比研究

Analysis and Comparative Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Rural Waste in Rainy Areas of Southern China

村镇垃圾管理是美丽乡村建设重要内容,通过垃圾特性分析以选择合适的垃圾处置方式是解决农村环境污染的重要途径。选择南方多雨地区典型村镇湖北省埠河镇的生活垃圾为主要研究对象,对当地生活垃圾物理组成、理化特性及重金属含量进行了系统的分析。并与当地垃圾填埋场陈腐垃圾以及安徽省小岗村垃圾特性进行对比研究,揭示了生活垃圾在填埋过程中的演化规律及存在的区域差异。研究结果表明:埠河镇生活垃圾以厨余类(62.0%)为主,含水率为63.6%,有机质含量为83.7%,湿基低位热值为(4269±1271)kJ/kg。填埋过程中陈腐垃圾含水率和有机质含量显著下降,物理组分由以厨余类为主逐渐转变成以橡塑类为主。小岗村生活垃圾中厨余类垃圾含量(73.3%)更高,生活垃圾含水率(76.4%)与有机质含量(85.1%)较高,湿基低位热值为(2829±414)kJ/kg。根据垃圾特性建议埠河镇垃圾处置采取有害垃圾分类收集,其他混合垃圾外运焚烧为主、微好氧填埋为辅的模式;小岗村垃圾处置采取有害垃圾分类收集,易腐垃圾就地堆肥处理,其他垃圾外运焚烧的模式。

The management of waste in village and town is an important part of the construction of beautiful villages.It is an important method to solve rural pollution by analyzing the characteristics of waste to select an appropriate method of waste disposal.Domestic waste from Buhe town,which was a typical town in the rainy area of Southern China,Hubei Province,was selected to investigate.The physical composition,physicochemical properties,and heavy metal contents of domestic waste were systematically analyzed.Compared with the characteristics of stale waste in local landfill and waste in Xiaogang village,Anhui Province,the evolution law and regional differences of domestic waste in the landfill were revealed.The results showed that the domestic waste in Buhe town was mainly kitchen waste(62.0%),the moisture content was 63.6%,organic matter content was 83.7%,and low calorific value on wet basis was(4269±1271)kJ/kg.During the landfill process,the moisture content and organic matter content of stale waste decreased significantly,and the physical composition of the waste gradually changed from kitchen waste to rubber and plastic.In Xiaogang village,the content of kitchen waste(73.3%)was higher in domestic waste,the moisture content(76.4%)and organic matter content(85.1%)was relatively high,and low calorific value on wet basis was(2829±414)kJ/kg.According to the characteristics of waste in Buhe town,it was suggested that hazardous waste should be collected by classification,other mixed waste was mainly transported and incinerated,and supplemented by micro-aerobic landfill.Waste disposal in Xiaogang village adopted the mode of hazardous waste collected by classification,perishable waste composted on the spot,and other waste transported and incinerated.