生态补偿视角下美国湿地补偿银行制度研究

Research on American Wetland Mitigation Bank from the Perspective of Ecological Compensation

美国湿地补偿银行制度是一种引入第三方及市场交易机制,对湿地进行事前补偿的制度。其运行涉及湿地补偿银行、开发者、监管机构三个基本角色,具体是在监管机构的监管下,湿地补偿银行向获得“404许可证”的开发者提供和出售作为“信用点”的场外湿地,通过市场化交易的调节,实现湿地的保护和湿地“零净损失”的目标,在具体实践中,价值衡量标准的确定、湿地价值的评估等问题还应当被关注并持续考虑。该制度可以在我国以政府为主导、市场为辅助的湿地生态补偿机制下,作为市场交易补偿模式之一,为我国湿地保护事业提供一系列参考。

Wetland mitigation bank of America is a system that introduces a third party and market trading mechanism to compensate wetlands in advance.Its operation involves three basic roles of wetland mitigation bank,developer and regulatory agency.Specifically,under the supervision of regulatory agency,wetland mitigation bank provides and sells off-site wetlands as"credit points"to developers who have obtained"404 license".Through the regulation of market-oriented transactions,we can achieve the goal of wetland protection and"zero net loss".In practice,the determination of value measurement standards and the evaluation of wetland value should be concerned and considered continuously.This system can be used as one of the compensation modes of market transaction under the guidance of government and market,which can provide a series of references for wetland protection in China.