变应性鼻炎中脂代谢异常与炎症反应的研究进展

The Research Progress of Abnormal Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Reactions in Allergic Rhinitis

变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)是由特异性IgE介导的多种免疫细胞参与的变态反应性疾病。发病过程中,多种细胞因子通过激活、调节免疫细胞,介导免疫细胞增殖分化,进而发挥重要的免疫调节作用。近年来发现脂质类物质可能充当前炎症介质,调节多种细胞炎症因子的分泌,如IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-17、IL-33、干扰素等的释放,进而引起机体多种炎症性疾病及变态反应性疾病的发生。炎症的发生和损害也可进一步改变机体脂代谢并引起血浆脂质和脂蛋白水平的各种变化,包括胆固醇(TC)代谢、脂蛋白氧化等。多项研究发现脂代谢异常在细胞因子和AR之间的可能作用,但关于脂代谢异常与AR的作用机制仍不清楚,其与相关炎症因子的调控关系还有待研究。为了全面理解AR的发病过程及为诊断治疗提供新的思路,本文对相关脂代谢异常及细胞因子在变态反应性疾病中的研究进展进行了总结和归纳。

Allergic rhinitis is an allergic disease referring to a variety of immune cells mediated by specific IgE.During the disease course,several cytokines were confirmed to participate in immune regulations by activating and regulating immune cells,which then mediates the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells.Recently,it has been found that lipid substances may act as a pre-inflammatory mediator and regulate the secretion of cellular inflammatory factors,such as IL-4,IL-5,IL-10,IL-17,IL-33,interferon,and tumor necrosis factor,etc.,which potentially results in the development of inflammatory disease and allergic diseases subsequently.The inflammation can also influence lipoprotein metabolism as feedback and cause various changes in plasma lipid components and lipoprotein concentration,including cholesterol metabolism,lipoprotein oxidation and so on.Although several studies have reported that abnormal lipid metabolism may play a role in immune regulation by cytokines and allergic rhinitis,it is still unclear about mechanisms of interactions between abnormal lipid metabolism and allergic rhinitis,as well as the regulatory relationship between dyslipidemia and related inflammatory factors.To provide an insight into the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and shed light on for diagnosis and treatment,this paper summarizes the latest research progress of related cytokines and abnormal lipid metabolism in allergic diseases.