《民法典》行为能力宣告制度的解释论重塑

Reconstruction of the Interpretation Theory on the Declaration System for Action Competence in“Civil Code”

我国《民法典》自然人行为能力宣告制度立法传承有余而延展不足,在行为能力宣告的法律效力、公示方法等问题上仍旧存有争议或立法模糊之处,因此融合立法论理念对行为能力宣告制度进行解释重塑极为必要。行为能力宣告本质上是为实施有效的法律行为创设基础条件。行为能力宣告应当产生宣示性效力,却也暗合形成性效力因素;设立行为能力宣告登记制度可以达成保护成年被监护人隐私权与维护市场交易安全的双重目的;成年无行为能力人从事单纯获益法律行为的有效性理应得到司法支持。

The legislation on the declaration system for natural individuals’action competence shows both excessive inheritance and insufficient extension,leading to disputes or vague legislation in the following problems in terms of legal effect and publicity menthods of the declaration of action competence.Therefore,it is necessary to merge legislative ideas and rebuild the declaration system for action competence.In essence,the declaration of action competence sets basic conditions for conducting effective legal behaviors.The declaration of action competence should convey declarative effect and coincides with the formative effect.Setting registration system for the declaration of action competence can not only protect adult wards’privacy but also maintain the security in market transactions.The effect of adult incapacitated individuals’legal behaviors to gain pure benefits deserve judicial support.