恽代英学前教育思想及其当代价值探析

Yun Daiying’s Thoughts on Preschool Education and Its Contemporary Value

进入21世纪,国家对学前教育和爱国教育愈发重视,但有关我国无产阶级革命家教育思想的理论研究仍较少。本研究通过文献资料法、对比研究法梳理恽代英的教育思想,发现他的教育思想中包含众多先进的学前教育思想:他主张实行“德育、智育、体育”三育并举的学前学校教育,提出儿童每天不宜学习过久,要将儿童的工作变为游戏;他把家庭教育作为教育的核心,从德育、智育、体育和游戏四方面对儿童家庭教育的内容与方法进行了详尽论述;他将儿童公育视为是对人类的彻底解放,将儿童公育作为社会改造的第一步。对新时代的学前教育具有以下启示:教育顺应儿童的身心发展规律和个性特点;给予儿童游戏的权利;注重儿童德智体协调发展;重视家庭教育的作用;完善国家学前教育体系。

In the 21st century,the country attaches more importance to preschool education and patriotic education,but there are still few theoretical studies on the educational thoughts of proletarian revolutionaries in China.Through the method of literature and compar⁃ative research,this study combs Yun Daiying’s educational thoughts and finds that his educational thoughts contain many advanced preschool education thoughts:he advocates the implementation of preschool education in which the three educations of“moral,intel⁃lectual,and physical education”should be implemented simultaneously.It is not advisable to study for too long every day,children’s work should be turned into games;He takes family education as the core of education,and elaborates on the content and methods of children’s family education from four aspects:moral education,intellectual education,physical education and games;Public educa⁃tion is regarded as the complete liberation of mankind,and child public education is the first step in social transformation.This has the following enlightenment to preschool education in the new era:education conforms to children’s physical and mental development laws and personality characteristics;gives children the right to play;pays attention to the coordinated development of children’s morality,intelligence and physique;values the role of family education;perfects the national preschool education system.