论行政诉讼中的法院释明义务--从新行政诉讼司法解释谈起

Research on the Interpretation Obligation of Courts in Administrative Litigation--Starting from the Judicial Interpretation of the New Administrative Litigation

2018年施行的《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国行政诉讼法〉的解释》继承并创设了诸多先进的诉讼制度,其中就法院释明义务予以拓展:在保留审查起诉时的释明义务的基础上,新增庭审程序中的法院释明义务、诉讼类型转换中的法院释明义务、有关行政赔偿的法院释明义务和民行关系中的法院释明义务。随后,行政协议案件、国家赔偿案件中的法院释明义务规范得以明确和延展,促使行政诉讼法院释明制度进一步完善。这对缩小行政诉讼双方当事人的诉讼能力差异、切实保护当事人尤其是原告方的合法权益具有积极作用。但是法院释明义务应当在必要的限度内履行,法院违背释明义务的法律后果亦应明确,法定之外的法院释明义务亦可接受,以真正彰显司法为民、公正司法的理念。

"The Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China"in 2018 inherits and creates many advanced litigation systems,which further expands the interpretation obligations of court:on the basis of retaining the obligation of interpretation when reviewing and prosecuting,the court's obligation of interpretation in the trial procedure,the court's obligation of interpretation in the conversion of litigation type,the court's obligation of interpretation in the administrative compensation and the court's obligation of interpretation in the civil relations are added.Subsequently,the court's obligation of interpretation in administrative agreement cases and state compensation cases was clarified and expanded,which further improved the court's interpretation system of administrative litigation.It will play a positive role in narrowing the difference of litigation ability between the two parties in administrative litigation and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties,especially the plaintiffs.However,the court's obligation of interpretation should be performed within the necessary limits and the legal consequences of the court's violation of the obligation of interpretation should also be clear.The court's obligation of interpretation outside the law can also be accepted so as to truly demonstrate the concept of justice for the people and justice.