盐业服务公共卫生安全的历史经验与深化改革对策

Historical Experience of the Salt Industry in Serving Public Health and Countermeasures of Deepening Reform Plan for the Salt Industry System

中华民族的制盐活动已有数千年,诸多品类的盐在调味、提鲜、防腐、治病、养生等领域发挥着独特的功效。近现代以来,新技术、新工艺的应用,提高了盐的产量和品质,使得食盐的质量安全和供应安全有了保障。食盐加碘的做法有效预防和消除碘缺乏病,盐业在改革创新中持续拓展保障民生和服务公共卫生安全的新领域及新功能。但在盐产品的供给侧结构、盐业的市场化程度、盐行业的集中度和应急保障体系建设等方面,仍有较大的改革发展空间。文章总结历史经验,分析问题和不足,就深化改革推动盐业高质量服务公共卫生安全,提出如下对策和建议:提高检测能力,以精准补碘;研发生产减盐、代盐产品;加强应急管理和柔性化生产;提升产业集中度并建立质量标准体系;发展盐与大健康结合的新业态。

Salt-making activities have been going on for thousands of years in China,forming multiple types of salt,which play a unique role in seasoning,freshness,antiseptic,disease treatment and health preservation.Nowadays,output and quality of salt have been improved continuously with the updating technologies to ensure salt quality and supply safety.For example,iodization of salt is used to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders.The salt industry has continued to serve public health and people’s livelihood.However,there are still several shortages in terms of the supply-side structure of salt products,the marketization of the salt industry,the concentration of the salt industry and the construction of emergency security system.To promote high-quality service for public health in the salt industry,several suggestions are listed as follows:improve testing capabilities for accurate iodine supplementation;developing salt-reducing and salt-substituting products;strengthening emergency management and flexibility production;improving industry concentration and establishing a quality standard system;developing a new business model that combines salt with health.