政府数据采集的法治路径

Legal Path of Government Data Collection

政府数据采集是政府数据治理全生命周期的逻辑起点,也是政府数据价值实现和风险管控的重要场域。实践中政府数据的使用处理、开放共享等价值增值环节较受重视,对采集端行为的关注和规范常被忽视。全面检视我国政府数据采集运行现状,主要存在对“有权采集”的误读、对程序规则的轻慢、比例原则的失洽及监管制度的缺位等问题。未来,公共机构应该对采集功能进行再识别和再定位,以实现采集中的多元利益平衡;从主体、程序、内容和标准等方面入手,建构政府数据采集的法律规则体系;通过内部自我纠错、主管部门监管和相对方救济,完善政府数据采集的监管与救济机制。

Government data collection is not only the logical starting point of the whole life cycle of government data governance,but also an important field for the realization of government data value and risk control.In practice,people pay more attention to the value-added links such as the use and processing of government data,opening and sharing,and often ignore the institutional arrangements for the collection end.Through a comprehensive review of China’s government data collection system,the main problems include:misreading of the“right to collect”,contempt of procedural rules,improper proportion principle and absence of supervision system.In the future,public institutions should re-identify and re-position the collection function to achieve the balance of multiple interests in the collection;construct a legal rule system for government data collection starting with the subject,procedure,content,and standards;use internal self-correction,competent department supervision and counterparty relief to improve the supervision and relief mechanism of government data collection.