摘要
以政府为主导的应急管理体制是我国应急管理的基础,政府应急管理组织结构也是应急管理领域不可回避的基础且重要的研究议题。为减少政府组织的应急协同失灵,本文通过政策文本分析厘清不同类型突发事件的政府应急组织协同治理关系,运用社会网络分析方法,清晰描绘了组织内部不同突发事件的应急协同网络结构,并提炼和归纳出四种网络的模式和特点。依此研究指出自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件、社会安全事件应急协同网络分别为节点地位平等的紧密—分工型、单核主导的松散—协作型、节点地位平等的紧密—协作型和双核主导的松散—分工型。政府应急组织协同治理网络的困境主要在于负责部门与协同中心不匹配、度分布不合理、不同突发事件类型间应急协同不足。以网络治理理论为基础,提出三重策略包括节点优化、整体网络优化和应急协同网络间优化,是提高政府应急协同能力和绩效的重要方法,有助于加强和完善我国应急管理体系与能力建设。
The government-led emergency management system is the foundation of emergency management in China,and the organizational structure of government emergency management is also an unavoidable,basic and important research topic in the field of emergency management.In order to reduce the collaborative emergency failure of government organizations,this paper clarifies the collaborative relationship of government emergency organizations for different types through policy text analysis.Social network analysis method has been used to clearly depict the emergency collaborative network of different emergencies,and four types of network modes and characteristics are refined and summarized.Based on this research,it has pointed out that the emergency coordination network of natural disaster is a close-division type with equal node status,the emergency coordination network of accident disaster is a loose-cooperative type dominated by a single core,the emergency coordination network of public health incident is a close-cooperative type with equal node status,and the emergency coordination network of social security incident is a loose-division type dominated by dual-core.The deficiency mainly lies in the mismatch between the responsible department and the collaborative center,unreasonable degree distribution,and insufficient emergency collaboration among different types of emergencies.The triple strategy of the government emergency collaboration network is proposed based on Network Governance Theory,including node optimization,overall network optimization and optimization among emergency coordination networks.It is an effective method to improve the capabilities and effects of government emergency coordination.It can also help improve the construction of emergency management system and capabilities.
作者
张桂蓉
雷雨
周付军
ZHANG Guirong;LEI Yu;ZHOU Fujun
出处
《暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第11期90-104,共15页
Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“大数据和智能时代重大突发公共卫生事件风险防范化解体系研究”(20&2D120)
中南大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2021zzts007)
中南大学前沿交叉专项基金项目(160260005)。
关键词
应急管理
突发事件
协同治理
应急协同网络
优化策略
emergency management
emergency
collaborative governance
emergency collaborative network
optimization strategy