清末澳门“路环血案”始末考述

Study of the“Coloane Bloodbath”in Macao in the Late Qing Dynasty

1910年5月,以路环岛为巢穴的梁义华海盗团伙,掳走广东新宁县十几个学童至岛上勒索。因时值中葡划界谈判破裂,路环岛属争议地区,广东官员在清廷“维持旧状,勿生事端”指示下,不敢作为。学童家长乃于7月转向澳门总督求助,澳督派兵前去路环解救,却因海盗开枪抵抗而致葡兵死伤。澳葡随即派出大批军队、炮艇支援,连日轰炸岛上村落,又火烧村落、山林,使大量无辜村民、渔民遭殃惨死,史称“路环血案”。澳葡事后借机扩大在路环岛的殖民侵占,从象征、军事、民政等方面着手实现对全岛的实质管理,形成20世纪葡人管治澳门半岛,以及氹仔、路环两个离岛的局面。

In May 1910,a group of pirates named Liang Yihua,who had made Coloane Island their nest,abducted a dozen school children from Xinning County,Guangdong,and took them to the island for ransom.As the Sino-Portuguese demarcation talks had broken down and Coloane Island became a disputed area,Guangdong officials were afraid to do anything under the Qing court's instruction to“maintain the old status quo and not to cause any trouble”.The parents of the children turned to the Governor of Macao for help in July,who sent troops to Coloane to rescue the children,but the Portuguese soldiers were killed and injured when the pirates opened fire.A large number of troops and gunboats were then dispatched to support them,bombarding villages on the island for days and burning villages and forests,resulting in the death of many innocent villagers and fishermen,known as the“Coloane Bloodbath”.The Portuguese subsequently took the opportunity to expand their colonial occupation of Coloane Island,and to achieve administration of the island in symbolic,military and civil terms,resulting in Portuguese rule of the Macao Peninsula and the two outlying islands of Taipa and Coloane in the 20th century.