秦律“失期”罪考论

Textual research on the crime of“overdue”in Qin law

“失期”罪在秦汉迭代事件中的作用受到质疑,围绕司马迁“失期,法皆斩”记载的可靠性,众多学者做出了各种推测。从律典和史书来看,“失期”罪主要作为罪名在军法中运用,其存在应无疑问。依据历史记载,“失期”罪有其完整的发展流程,并最终形成了完善的结构,主客体清晰,刑罚有据可依,不限于斩刑。除此之外,“失期”罪的最终成型为军事行动的成功及人才的选拔带来了有利的影响,其合理结构能有效增强军队的凝聚力。

The role of the crime of“overdue”in the iterative events of the Qin and Han Dynasties has been questioned.Many scholars have made various speculations about the reliability of Sima Qian′s record of“Overdue means execution in accordance with the law”.Judging from the laws and historical books,the crime of“overdue”is mainly used as a crime in military law,and its existence should be beyond doubt.According to historical records,the crime of“overdue”has its complete development process,and finally formed a perfect structure with clear subject and object and well-founded criminal penalty.And it is not limited to the execution.In addition,the final formation of the crime of“overdue”has a beneficial effect on the success of military operations and the selection of talents,and its reasonable structure can effectively enhance the cohesion of the army.