个人信息保护制度的反思与改进:以主体利益冲突与衡平为视角

Reflection and Improvement of Personal Information Protection System:From the Perspective of Subject Interest Conflict and Equity

数字经济时代下个体正在经历从“肉身人”向“数字人”转变,个人信息开发应用随之激增,加速了个人信息的公开化、透明化和商业化。期间,个人利益、企业利益与公共利益难以避免发生纠葛与冲突,完全满足个人利益会阻碍企业利益、公共利益的达成,同时企业利益、公共利益的实现会使个人利益难以周全,故有必要引入个人信息保护制度以规范化的手段将利益冲突限定在合理范围内。2021年11月1日正式施行的《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》在保护个人信息权益的同时也促进了个人信息的合理利用。然而,以个体权利为导向的个人信息保护理念根深蒂固,容易误判各主体间正常的利益冲突,陷入过度保护个人利益的泥淖,忽视其他主体围绕个人信息的利益诉求,反而加深各主体间的利益冲突。鉴于此,为了弥合理论与实践的巨大张力,有效平衡个人信息保护与自由流通、合理利用的目标,需要通过利益衡平的方法论,超越个人权利思维的禁锢,对各利益主体的权利结构进行“平等武装”,以适度限定个体权利空间、完善个人信息处理者规定为路径来实现三方制衡,以更好地促进数字经济的发展。

In the era of the digital economy,individuals are undergoing a transition from"physical persons"to"digital persons",and the development and application of personal information has increased rapidly,accelerating the openness,transparency and commercialization of personal information.During this period,entanglements and conflicts will inevitably occur among personal interests,corporate interests and public interests.Full satisfaction of personal interests will hinder the achievement of corporate interests and public interests.At the same time,the realization of corporate interests and public interests will make it difficult to complete personal interests,so it is necessary to introduce a personal information protection system to limit conflicts of interest within a reasonable range by means of normalization.The Personal Information Protection Law officially implemented on November 1,2021 not only protects the rights and interests of personal information,but also promotes the rational use of personal information.However,the personal information protection concept oriented by individual rights is deeply ingrained,and it is easy to misjudge the normal conflicts of interest between the subjects,fall into the quagmire of excessive protection of personal interests,ignore the interest demands of other subjects surrounding personal information,and deepen the interest conflicts of the subjects.In view of this,in order to bridge the huge tension between theory and practice and effectively balance the goals of personal information protection and free circulation and rational use,it is necessary to go beyond the confinement of individual rights thinking through the methodology of interest equity and"equally arm"the right structure of each interest subject to achieve tripartite checks and balances by appropriately limiting the space of individual rights and improving the regulations for personal information processors,so as to better promote the development of the digital economy.