知识产权法益体系化保护路径之建构

The Construction of Systematic Protection Path of the Legal Interests in Intellectual Property

知识产权既包括权利,也包括法益,知识产权法益是知识产权领域中为法律上主体所享有并给予保护的利益,是知识产权权利的前状态。知识产权法益的生成,既源于民事法律行为中的事实行为,又来自民事法益价值指引下的法益保护原则在知识财产利益中的自然延伸,还依赖于知识产权法对知识财产利益予以保护的正当性建构。知识产权法益具有弥补私权保护不足、作为侵权抗辩事由、产生新型知识产权权利、拓展公有领域与激发创新的功能。知识产权法益的保护路径应有别于权利,采取突出法益保护地位和作用,积极拓展法益保护内容,以竞争法保护模式为主、设权保护模式为辅的体系化保护。具化到商业标识法益保护之中,我国应注重商业标识权利与法益的区分化保护,实现商业标识体系化保护。

Intellectual property includes both rights and legal interests.The legal interests in intellectual property is the interests enjoyed and protected by legal subjects in the field of intellectual property,and the former status of intellectual property rights.The generation of the legal interests in intellectual property not only comes from the factual acts in the civil juristic acts,but also stems from the natural extension of the protection principle of legal interests under the guidance of the value of civil legal interests in the intellectual property interests,and also depends on the legitimate construction of intellectual property law to protect intellectual property interests.The legal interests in intellectual property has the functions of making up for the insufficient protection of private rights,serving as the defense of infringement,generating new intellectual property rights,expanding the public domain and stimulating innovation.The protection path of legal interests in intellectual property should be different from rights,such as emphasizing the status and function of the protection in legal interests,actively expanding the content of the protection in legal interests,and constructing systematic protection that taking the competition law protection mode as the main mode,establishing rights mode as the supplement.Specific to the protection of legal interests of commercial signs,China should pay attention to the differentiation protection of the rights and legal interests of commercial signs,and achieve the systematic protection of commercial signs.