马斯诺需求层次理论视域下大学生择业教育探析

Analysis of Education in Career Choices of College and University Graduates from the Perspective of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory

人的心理需求对职业选择具有内在引导作用。马斯诺需求层次理论是一种价值理论,揭示了人的动机—需求—行为三者之间的规律。将马斯诺需求层次理论引入大学生择业教育,从生理需求、安全需求、归属与爱的需求、尊重需求、自我实现需求五个层次深入分析大学生择业时的取向特征和行为选择,剖析背后的深层次原因,并基于马斯诺的需求层次理论,提出提升大学生择业教育要坚持基本需要与发展需要相统一、个体价值与社会价值相统一、长期需要与短期需要相统一。

Psychological needs are internal guidance on career choices. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory is a theory of value,which reveals the rules among motivation,needs and behaviors of humans. In this paper,Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory is introduced into career choices education of college and university students. It explains the orientation,characteristic and behavioral choices of university students from the levels of physiological needs,safety needs,belonging needs,love needs,respect needs and self-realization needs and the underlying reasons are also analyzed. Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory,it is proposed that the basic needs and development needs,the individual value and social value and the long-term needs and short-term needs should be in accordance.