以先锋之名再度行于乡野--20世纪90年代以来乡土小说中“先锋叙事”的转型

Walking in the Countryside Again in the Name of Pioneer--The Transformation of“Pioneer Narrative”in Local Novels since the 1990s

20世纪90年代以来,乡土小说中的“先锋叙事”蔚为大观。与20世纪80年代相比,它们在叙述重心、审美风格、精神向度上发生了转型。作家不再醉心于纯粹的先锋技巧实验,也未执着于以乡土为背景来探讨人类存在本身的荒诞等抽象主题,而是将目光聚焦乡土大地,通过荒诞变形的艺术去打探中国乡村社会的历史景观与现实世相,具有“实地”精神。先锋技法在对80年代的沿袭和变革中呈现出复杂及多元化态势,经由视角、时间、空间、语言的探险,折射出作家对“先锋与传统”“荒诞与真实”的新思考,彰显着他们对宏大叙事的消解和对“不可靠”叙事的热衷。其中,东方式先锋技巧层出叠见,突显了“中国气象”和“民族气韵”。与80年代弥漫的绝望气息不同,90年代后的先锋式乡土小说于质疑中还潜藏着作家参与乡村历史建构和介入当下现实的激情,烛照出为乡村振兴出谋划策的宏愿。总之,凭借“探险”和“接地”的审美突围,他们打造了另类乡土中国形象,在文学故土上开辟了新疆域。

themes such as the absurdity of human existence.They focus on the rural land,exploring the historical landscape and real world of Chinese rural society through absurd and deformed art,with the spirit of“standing on the ground”.Pioneering techniques present a complex and diversified trend in the inheritance and transformation of the 1980s.Through the exploration of perspective,time,space,and language,it reflects the writer’s new thinking on“pioneer and tradition”and“absurdity and reality”,which shows their dissolution of grand narratives and their enthusiasm for“unreliable”narratives.Among them,the pioneering techniques of the Eastern style have emerged one after another,highlighting the“Chinese meteorology”and“national spirit”.Different from the desperate atmosphere that permeated in the 1980s,the pioneer local novels in the post-1990s also contained the writer’s passion for participating in the construction of rural history and intervening in the current reality in the doubts,illuminating the ambition of making suggestions for rural revitalization.In short,with the aesthetic breakthrough of“adventure”and“grounding”,they created an alternative rural Chinese image and opened up new territory in the literary homeland.