社会变迁与身份重构--一位农家女的生命历程叙事

Social Change and Identity Reconstruction:The Life Course of a Rural Woman

女性是新时代乡村社会生产和家庭生活中的重要主体,是乡村振兴的中坚力量。研究女性群体在家庭事务以及乡村社会治理中扮演的角色与承担的使命,关系着整个基层社会的发展。但鲜有研究关注"农家女"在社会变迁进程中的身份建构与乡土社会治理问题的关系。本文通过对一名"农家女"的生命历程研究,以社会变迁视角解读女性主体在家庭与社会之间互动进程中的身份建构,研究女性与社会的共建关系。研究发现,农村女性的成长与发展会受到传统伦理规常的束缚,但国家层面的社会制度变革和意识形态引导以及社会年代中女性群体意识的觉醒,均会促进农村女性的社会化进程且拓宽她们的行动边界。同时,地方政府要积极为女性创造参与乡村社区自治的空间与平台,改观女性在乡村社会中的角色偏见。

With the advancement of modernization process,many changes have taken place in the cultural concept,gender struc-ture,labor pattern and political space in rural society.Because of the multiple influences of rural transformation and social change,the identity characteristics of women have changed greatly.They leave their families and enter the social space,play-ing an increasingly important role in agricultural production and rural public participation.Rural women's development is an important part of social reform and construction.Meanwhile,they are independent individuals.In the process of transforma-tion,they adapt to and actively construct their own identity,and at the same time,they also influence the social environment of the countryside.The role and mission of women in family affairs and rural social governance is an important issues related to the devel-opment of the whole grass-roots society,and it is also an important research topic worth exploring.However,few studies have paid attention to the relationship between rural women's identity construction and local social governance in the process of social change.Focusing on the theme of rural women's identity and practice in the process of social change,this studyana-lyzes how social change affects rural women's social identity,and how rural women understand,construct and practice their own social identity under the contextof social change.This study analyzes the identity construction and practice of rural women in the process of social change from the perspec-tive of life course theory.We explored the life course of a typical rural woman by using the method of case study.Based on the era context of social change,through the narration of Xiuying's life course,this paper shows a dynamic process of identi-ty construction of rural women among family,society and self.This research mainly answers the following questions:First,how does Xiuying build her own role identity among family,so-ciety and subject herself?Secondly,as a peasant woman,how does she identify with the peasant woman's identity,and how does she integrate this identity into her daily practice?Looking back on Xiulan's life,we mainly found the following points:(1)The identity construction of the research ob-ject has gone through many nesting processes.She plays the role of a woman who is responsible forthe family,as well as a learner,promoter and socialspace leader.These roles are intertwined,which together constitute the social identity of Xi-ulan.(2)The support provided by the middle-level social network and key social subjects is also the key factor of her identi-ty reconstruction.The core factors is the support from the family and the power from the society.Institutions,The apprecia-tion of the party secretary of the government and the village.Besides,mutual assistance comes from women's groups are al-so a basic element.(3)the macro social environment provides her with opportunities.The specific historical conditions and her specific life stage interact with each other.The core support provided by the macro environment is the learning resourc-es,the recognition of the times and the space for social participation.However,the macro-social environment has also set some obstacles for her,such as the limitations oftraditional gender norms and the constraints ofmaternal pressure.(4)In the process of her identity construction,the personal initiative plays a more decisive role.She shows the spirit of hardworking peas⁃ant women.In addition,as an intellectual in the early stage of college entrance examination reform,she has the concepts of"knowledge changes fate"and"lifelong learning".These personal characteristics enable her to constantly reflect on her roles and responsibilities,break through the shackles of the social environment,and feedback her personal initiative to the social field,which reflects the mutual construction between individuals and society.By summarizing the research conclusions,we find thatthe following points are worthy of attention:althoughthe growth and development of rural women will be bound by traditional ethical norms,the ideologicalguidance at the national level and the awakening of women groups in the social era will promote women's subjective initiative,improve the socialization degree of ru⁃ral women and broaden the boundary of their action space.At the same time,local governments should actively create space and platform for women to participate in rural community autonomy,and change the prejudice against women's gender role in rural social concept.In addition,this study can provide more references for social workers to help rural women with identity re⁃construction and social adaptation,and enhance the subjectivity of this vulnerable group's in-depth participation in rural social governance.