论老庄对先秦“正名”思想的两重解构

On Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu’s Double Deconstruction on the Rectification of Ming

“正名”是先秦思想的重要主题。其有两重向度:第一,以援仁入礼来重建礼之有效性,从而恢复名分的效力。第二,以知晓“物”之“实”来确定“名”的意义。老庄通过揭示礼之结构的不合理,以及否定援仁入礼的有效性,试图消解第一重“正名”向度的可行性。在道物区分的基础上,老子揭示了语言认知的限度,庄子则进而否定了语言认知的可靠性,以此瓦解了第二重“正名”向度的可能性。在老庄看来,那些期望通过“正名”去治理天下的想法都是徒劳,不应该再继续“正名”的道路。

The“rectification of Ming”is an important thinking in the Pre-Qin period.It consists of two different approaches of Interpretation:clarifying the political-ethical significance of“Ming”and defining the meaning of“Ming”.In contrast to other schools of thought,Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu make some critical comments to this thinking.On the one hand,the foundation of“rectification of Ming”is partial and limited.On the other hand,“Ming”itself is indeterminate and unreliable.By the reflection and negation to such approaches,both Lao Tsu and Chuang Tsu believe that those thoughts which try to combine the political action with“rectification of Ming”are fruitless labour.So they propose a special theory of“Daoism”.