美国农业资源台账制度建设实践及对中国的启示

The Construction Practice of American Agricultural Resources Accounting and Its Enlightenments to China

美国建立了较为完善且系统的农业资源调查体系和台账制度。系统介绍了美国重要农业资源调查项目,包括国家资源清单、土地评价与场地评估、国家合作土壤调查、水资源调查(雪调查和供水量预测计划、水质监测与评估、空气质量监测等)、植物资源与气候变化监测(植物资源监测、气候变化监测等);分析了美国农业资源保护政策和资金扶持情况;总结了美国农业资源台账制度和调查项目的特点,其特点主要体现在:建立了以国家资源清单为核心的农业资源调查体系,形成了以美国农业部自然资源保护局为主管部门的管理体系,将农业资源调查与保护纳入法律体系,信息化程度逐步提高,数据共享充分发挥调查数据价值,技术更新和科学评价保证各项计划的科学性等。基于此,提出了中国推动农业资源台账工作的启示,即制定统一、协调的农业资源台账管理制度,建立科学规范的农业资源调查方法,形成和完善高效便利的数据获取技术和数据共享技术,对农业资源台账建设给予政策、资金方面的支持等。

The United States has established a relatively perfect and systematic agricultural resources investigation system and account system.The important agricultural resources investigation projects in the United States were systematic introduced,including National Resources Inventory,the Land Evaluation and Site Assessment,National Cooperative Soil Survey,water resources investigation(Snow Survey and Water Supply Forecasting Program,Water Quality Monitoring&Assessment,National Air Quality Site Assessment Tool),plant resources and climate change monitoring,and the American agricultural resources protection policies and financial supports were introduced.The characteristics of American agricultural resources account system and investigation projects were summarized,including the agricultural resources survey system with the National Resources Inventory as the core has been established,and the management system with the Natural Resources Conservation Service of the U.S.Department of agriculture as the competent department has been formed,the agricultural resources survey and protection have been incorporated into the legal system,the degree of informatization is gradually increasing,data sharing gives full play to the value of survey data,technological updates and scientific evaluations ensure the scientific nature of various plans,etc.Based on this,the enlightenments for promotion of agricultural resource ledger work in China were put forward,that is,to formulate a unified and coordinated agricultural resource ledger management system,establish scientific and standardized agricultural resource survey methods,form and improve efficient and convenient data acquisition technology and data sharing technology,provide policy and financial support for the construction of agricultural resource accounting.