卢旺达集体互助脱贫机制的逻辑向度与实践进路

The Logic and Practice of the Ubudehe of Rwanda

卢旺达的集体互助脱贫作为一项减贫机制,源自卢旺达传统文化和本土价值观,因其满足新时期的社会、经济发展需求而得以古为今用。集体互助脱贫将所有家庭按贫富状况分类,为政府因户施策,完善社会保障和教育、卫生、住房等公共服务提供了重要参考。社区民众根据本地的基本信息分析致贫原因,共商解决方案,利用政府和本地的资金和信贷,开展集体互助劳动,共同建设社区公益设施、支持村民创业、帮扶困难户。集体互助脱贫机制坚持在中央政府强有力的领导下,以分权促减贫,实施参与式扶贫。这一机制不仅取得了显著的减贫成果,而且加强了民族融合与社会稳定。卢旺达大力挖掘本土文化价值、保持自主性、有选择地学习借鉴国际经验,以服务于减贫本土机制的实施,是非洲国家自主探索符合国情发展道路的一个突出案例,对其他非洲国家具有一定启示意义。

Rooted in traditional culture and indigenous values,Rwanda's Ubudehe is a home-grown poverty reduction mechanism adapted to meeting the needs of contemporary social and economic development.The classification of all households by Ubudehe according to their wealth condition provides an important reference for the government to implement household-targeted policies and improve social security and public services such as education,health care,and housing.People of a community analyze the causes of poverty based on their good knowledge of local information,discuss solutions,use government and local funds and credit,carry out collective mutual help,jointly build community public facilities,support villagers to start businesses,and help needy households.Ubudehe promotes poverty reduction through decentralization under the strong leadership of the central government and implements participatory poverty alleviation.This mechanism has not only achieved remarkable results in poverty reduction,but also strengthened national cohesion and social stability.Rwanda vigorously serves the implementation of its home-grown poverty reduction solutions with indigenous cultural values,well-maintained autonomy,and selected foreign experience.