二次电池中金属锂负极沉脱机理研究进展

Recent progress on lithium plating/stripping mechanisms in lithium metal batteries

金属锂负极是下一代高比能二次电池备受关注的负极材料,以金属锂为负极的锂金属电池具备极高的理论能量密度,但其仍存在充放电循环效率低、电池寿命短等问题。要实现高能量密度高安全性的锂金属电池的合理设计和优化,需要对金属锂负极中锂金属沉积脱出过程的离子输运、电子输运、界面反应等机制机理有清晰的认识。本文针对金属锂负极中存在的枝晶生长、死锂形成、固体电解质界面膜作用等机理问题,综述了研究者们在其沉脱机理的模型与理论计算、实验研究等方面做出的诸多研究进展,为锂金属电池的合理设计提供了更全面的机理认识。

Lithium metal is one of the most promising materials for the next generation secondary batteries. Lithium metal batteries possess an extremely high theoretical energy density, but still face many challenges, such as low Coulombic efficiency and short battery lifespan. In order to realize the reasonable design and optimization of lithium metal battery with high energy density and high safety, it is necessary to have a clear understanding on the mechanisms of ion transport, electron transport, interface reaction and so on. Recently, aiming at the mechanism of dendrite growth, dead lithium formation and solid electrolyte interphase in lithium metal anode, researchers have made many progress in the mechanism research with theoretical calculations and experiments, providing a more comprehensive mechanism understanding for the rational design of lithium metal battery.