碱性膜电解水制氢技术现状与展望

Hydrogen production based-on anion exchange membrane water electrolysis:a critical review and perspective

开发清洁高效的可再生能源是未来能源转型的必然趋势。氢能作为一种绿色无污染的能源载体,可通过电解水技术实现氢能与电能的高效转化,有望作为风力、光伏发电的重要调节手段。碱性膜电解水制氢能够提高电流密度,增加能量转化效率,优于碱性水溶液电解水制氢;与此同时,可采用铁、镍等非贵金属制备催化剂,克服质子交换膜电解水制氢使用贵金属催化剂带来的设备昂贵、资源受限问题。本文综述了碱性膜电解制氢技术发展现状,重点围绕自支撑催化电极、耐碱腐蚀离子膜、有序结构膜电极开展讨论,包括催化剂制备策略,耐碱离子膜发展现状,以及有序化膜电极的应用优势,阐释电化学工程中的传质与反应耦合原理。本文为进一步研究开发高性能电化学关键材料提供了指导思路,推动电解水制氢技术的发展。

The development of clean and efficient renewable energy is an inevitable trend in the future energy transition. Hydrogen, as a green and pollution-free energy carrier can achieve efficient conversion of hydrogen energy and electric energy via water electrolysis technology, which is expected to be an important regulating means of wind and photovoltaic power generation. Water electrolysis produces hydrogen without pollutant emission, which is expected to be used as an efficient tool to storage and regulate the intermittent power of wind and photovoltaic generation. Comparing with the conventional water electrolysis using alkaline aqueous solution, water electrolysis based-on alkaline membrane can increase current density and improve energy conversion efficiency. Moreover,non-precious metals such as iron and nickel can be used to prepare catalysts for both hydrogen emission reaction(HER) and oxygen emission reaction(OER), no suffering from the drawbacks of expensive resources caused by the use of precious metal catalysts in proton exchange membrane electrolysis of water(PEMWE). In this study, we review the present status of alkaline membrane electrolysis technology for hydrogen production, focusing on selfsupported catalytic electrode, alkali corrosion resistant anion exchange membranes(AEMs) and ordered membrane electrode assembles(MEA), including the preparation strategy of self-supported catalysts, the development trend of alkali corrosion resistant ion membrane and advantages of ordered MEA, explaining the coupling principle of mass transfer and reaction in electrochemical engineering. Therefore, this paper will provide guidance for further research of high-performance electrochemical key materials, and promote the development of hydrogen production technology from water electrolysis.