综掘工作面粉尘防治理论与技术研究进展

Research progress on theory and technology of dust prevention and control in fully-mechanzied driving face

近年来,井下煤矿开采更加趋向于智能化与自动化,但井下掘进工作面仍然存在严重的粉尘污染。通过分析煤矿掘进工作面的粉尘防治理论的研究现状,总结了近些年掘进工作面粉尘防治技术的进展成果,为加强煤矿安全、一线工人职业卫生健康、升级煤矿井下清洁化生产方式提供理论指导。掘进工作面粉尘防治理论包括粉尘的产生与粉尘特性、粉尘在掘进巷道风流中的扩散及分布规律、润湿性和爆炸性以及粉尘沉降规律。同时,针对通风排降尘、喷雾降尘、泡沫降尘等在掘进工作面应用的局限性,提出在综掘工作面常用长压短抽通风的基础上,研究一种可以实现抽风和风机自身降尘2个作用的除尘风机的可能性,减少采煤机司机处的呼吸性粉尘浓度,从而改善采煤作业环境。

In recent years,underground coal mining has become more intelligent and automated,but there is still serious dust pollution on the underground tunneling face.By analyzing the current research status of dust prevention and control theory of coal mine tunneling face,summarized the progress of tunneling dust prevention technology in recent years,and provided theoretical guidance for strengthening coal mine safety,occupational health and health of frontline workers,and upgrading coal mine clean production methods.The theory of dust prevention and control in tunneling work included the generation and characteristics of dust,the diffusion and distribution rules of dust in the air flow of tunneling tunnels,wettability and explosiveness,and the rules of dust deposition.At the same time,in view of the limitations in the application of ventilation exhaust dust reduction,spray dust reduction,foam dust reduction,etc.in the tunneling face,it was proposed to study a method that can realize the extraction and dust reduction of the fan itself based on the commonly used long-pressure and short-extraction ventilation in the fully-mechanized tunneling face.The possibility of an effective dust removal fan reduced the concentration of respirable dust at the driver of the shearer,thereby improving the coal mining environment.