朱熹与儒家环境美德论的发展

Zhu Xi and the Development of Confucian Environmental Virtue Ethics

朱熹之学的主旨是修身成己,完善自己的品德。朱熹认为,对禽兽、昆虫、草木等其他生命的道德关怀事关“防养善端、培植治本”,关系到人美德的保存与养成。朱熹改造了儒家“成己”“成物”思想,认为儒者的修养方法−“格物致知”是格物之“所当然”,这是从自家性理出发,因“物之理”而行,合内外之理,“仲夏斩阳木,仲冬斩阴木”,“非其时不伐一木,不杀一兽”,实行“时禁”,遵循儒家环境行为规范。朱熹认为,圣贤帮助、促成天“生物”“成物”职能的实现,裁成外物是圣人的美德。朱熹从修身成己的角度,对儒家传统环境政治、道德思想进行改造、整合,构成了较完整的儒家环境美德轮思想。

The main purpose of Zhu Xi's theory is to cultivate oneself and perfect his morality.Zhu Xi believed that the moral care for animals,insects,plants and others'life was related to the cultivation of human virtues.Zhu Xi reformed the Confucian thoughts of"becoming oneself"and"becoming things",and held that the cultivation method of Confucianism−to seek knowledge from things means starting from their own nature,following cognizant principles of the out-things,"acting according to their principles"and combining internal and external principles,"cutting Yang(exposed to the sun)wood in mid-summer,cutting Yin(shady)wood in mid-winter","Don't cut a tree and kill an animal when it's not the right time",carrying out"time prohibition"and following the Confucian environmental ethics.Zhu Xi believed that saints helped the heaven to realize the function of"let life be born"and"let life grow".From the perspective of self-cultivation and self-improvement,Zhu Xi transformed and integrated the traditional Confucian environmental politics and moral thought,and formed a complete Confucian environmental virtue ethics.