1929-1934年河北省蝗灾与社会应对

Locust Plague in Hebei Province from 1929 to 1934 and Its Social Response

近代以来河北地区频繁遭受蝗灾的袭扰,其中尤以1929—1934年发生的蝗灾危害程度最深。这一时期河北省累计有436县遭受蝗患,约占民国时期河北省累计发生蝗灾县份数量的70%,且蝗灾多与水旱等灾害相伴发生,对于农业生产造成了沉重的打击。适宜的自然环境与连年战乱的社会背景,加之民间迷信飞蝗为“神虫”的心理因素,更加速了蝗灾的蔓延。灾荒发生后,民众自发的救灾活动与政府采取的成立捕蝗组织、厘定捕蝗方法、出台奖惩条例等措施相结合,一定程度上遏制了蝗灾的肆虐,不但维护了社会秩序的安定并且将民众的生活从绝望的境地中拯救了出来。

The locust plague outbreaked frequently in Hebei area Since modern times,especially it was the worst locust outbreak in 1929-1934.During this period,the locust plague spreaded to 436 counties in Hebei province,which accounting for about seventy percent of the total number of locusts in Hebei Province during the period of the Republic of China.and the locust outbreaks often follow floods and droughts,which had great impact on agricultural production.The appropriate natural environment,the social background of years of war,and the folk superstition of people beliving locusts are"God insects",have all accelerated the spread of locust plague.After the famine,disaster relief activities which people spontaneously organized,combined with the measures taken by the government,such as the establishment of locust catching organizations,the determination of locust catching methods,and the introduction of reward and punishment regulations,have curbed the spread of the locust plague.It was not only maintained the stability of social order,but also saved people’s lives.