民国时期山西省疫灾及社会应对

Epidemic in Shanxi Province in the Republic of China Era and Its Social Response

疫灾自古以来就被视为人类顶级之灾害,历史疫灾研究能为当下疫灾的应对提供历史借鉴。通过对民国时期山西省疫灾史料的整理和分析发现,民国时期山西省疫灾时空分布不均衡,时间上以1917—1918年和1932年的疫灾波及县数最多,空间上以晋中地区疫灾次数最多,晋北次之,晋南和晋东南地区最少。在这一时期,疫灾发生的因素主要有外省传入、气候、战争、其他灾害影响等。在应对疫灾方面,政府的作用得到凸显,各级防疫机关的设立、交通管制、中西医结合和防疫宣传等措施推动了疫情的解决,但民众的防疫意识淡薄,仍存在迷信驱疫的方式。

Epidemic disease had been regarded as one of the most serious disasters in human history,and studying historical epidemics could provide reference for the response to the current epidemics.Through the collation and analysis of the historical data of epidemic diseases in Shanxi Province during the Republic of China era,we found that the spatial and temporal distribution of them is uneven.Temporally,the epidemic spreaded to the most counties in 1917-1918 and 1932.Spatially,the number of epidemic in Central Shanxi was the most,followed by Northern Shanxi,and the least in southern and southeastern Shanxi Province.and in this period,the main causes of epidemic disease were the transmission from other provinces,the climate,the war,and disasters of other kinds.In dealing with the epidemics,the government played a critical role,and took measures to control the epidemics,such as the establishment of anti-epidemic agencies at all levels,the traffic control,the treatment with the integration of Traditional Chinese and Western medicines,and the anti-epidemic publicity.However,most people did not fully understand the necessity and importance of prevention and control,who still used superstition to drive the epidemic.