大都市地区农村住宅闲置的类型与多尺度空间特征——基于南京样本的实证

Types and Multi-Scale Spatial Characteristics of Vacant Rural Housings in Metropolitan Areas: An Empirical Study Based on Cases of Nanjing

文章针对农宅闲置这一空间现象,选择大都市区为研究范围,基于南京样本数据,实证分析农宅闲置的类型与空间特征。依据闲置程度的不同,将闲置农宅分为真实性、潜在性与周期性闲置3种类型。发现在单栋住宅尺度,不同类型闲置农宅与其建造时间、层数存在关联。在村庄尺度,闲置农宅在村庄早期发展区有集中趋势,但单一类型闲置农宅以穿孔分布为主。在区域尺度,村庄闲置率受其所在空间圈层影响,潜在性与周期性闲置率呈自近域、近郊向远郊递增趋势,但真实性闲置率在近郊最高;村庄闲置率还受空间属性区位影响,邻近或位于商品化、密集建设区的村庄各类闲置率都低于远离这两类空间的村庄。最后,结合农宅闲置类型与空间特征,提出规划策略建议。

Aiming at the spatial phenomenon of rural housing vacancy, this paper selects metropolitan area as the research scope and conducts empirical study about the types and multi-scale spatial characteristics of vacant rural housings based on the survey data of 23 case villages in Nanjing. According to the degree of vacancy, this research divides the farm houses into three types which are real vacancy, potential vacancy and periodic vacancy. It is found that at the scale of single house, different types of vacant houses are related to their construction time and number of floors. At the village level, all vacant houses tend to concentrated in the early development area of the village, but single-type vacant houses are mainly perforated. At the regional scale, vacancy rate of the village is affected by the spatial circle of the metropolitan area in which the village is located. The potential and periodic vacancy rate are increasing from the marginal zone,nearby suburbs to distant suburbs, while the real vacancy rate is the highest in nearby suburbs rather than distant suburbs. Besides, the village vacancy rate is affected by its neighboring space. Village closed to or located in commercialized and densely constructed space has lower vacancy rate. Finally, combined with the types and spatial characteristics of vacant rural houses in metropolitan area, this paper proposes planning strategies.