高海拔高速路动物穿行警示标志设置研究

Setting of Warning Signs for Animal Crossing on Expressway in High Altitude Area

为合理设计、有效设置高海拔地区高速公路动物穿行警示标志,从驾驶人特性入手,采用行车样线法,在青海省共玉高速公路展开实地调查与实车测验。首先,以咨询专家、走访当地民众、交通管理部门协助方式对公路沿线牧区和自然保护区与动物穿行相关的情况进行调查与分析取证;其次,在自然驾驶条件下,在搭载GPS和两组高清行车记录仪车上同步采集不同海拔路段的驾驶人行车速度与其主观感受;最后,对动物穿行警示标志进行设计,同时提出了标志设置的最低要求,并基于高海拔区域驾驶人特性、减速操作曲线和视认距离模型构建了动物穿行警示标志的前置距离模型。根据研究结果,建议在自然保护区前,警示标志图案采用呈运动趋势的藏羚羊;牧区及放牧通道前的警示标志图案同理采用呈运动趋势的牦牛,黄底黑图案搭配。通过构建的前置距离模型,得出了基于驾驶人特性高海拔地区高速公路动物穿行警示标志的前置距离参照表。

In order to reasonably design and effectively set up warning signs for animal crossing on highways in high altitude areas,starting with the characteristics of drivers,the driving sample line method was used to carry out field investigation and real vehicle test on Gongyu Expressway in Qinghai Province.First of all,by means of consulting experts,visiting local people and the assistance of traffic management departments,the situation of animal crossing in pastoral areas and nature reserves along the highway was investigated and analyzed;moreover,the evidence was obtained.Secondly,under the natural driving conditions,the driving speed and subjective feelings of drivers at different altitudes were collected synchronously on the vehicle equipped with GPS and two sets of high-definition tachographs.Finally,the animal crossing warning signs were designed,and the minimum requirements for sign setting were proposed.Based on the characteristics of drivers in high altitude areas,deceleration operation curve and visual recognition distance model,the pre-distance model of animal crossing warning signs was constructed.The research results suggest that in front of the nature reserve,the pattern of warning signs should be Tibetan antelope with the trend of movement,and the warning signs in front of pastoral areas and grazing channels should be matched with the pattern of Yak with yellow background and black pattern.Through the construction of the pre-distance model,the reference table of the leading distance of the warning signs for animal crossing the expressway in high altitude area based on the driver characteristics is obtained.