理学视域下的无妄卦《大象传》通诠

Interpretation of the Daxiang zhuan of Hexagram Wuwang from Perspectives of Neo-Confucianism

在理学史上,程颐、朱熹等人立足理学,以理解《易》,将“至诚”“生物之心”“性”“理”等重要理学范畴融入无妄卦,成功促成无妄由“易”到“理”的转化。程颐视无妄为天道本体,纯是正理,没有对待。动以天理、贞守正道才可无“妄”无眚。季本、叶酉等明清学人多联系天地生物之心,认为无妄秉含生物之德,其实就是仁德。推扩恻隐之心广及万民,无妄亦由内及外,施用于政。朱熹以为物物与一无妄正是物物各具一理,内在地要求无私无意的无妄之方。而孔子老安少怀之心、无行不与之教正与无妄同趣。天人上下一统于无妄,正是一统于理,一统于仁,一统于太极。

In the history of Neo-Confucianism,on the basis of their Neo-Confucian li(principle),Cheng Yi(1033-1107)and Zhu Xi(1130-1200)interpreted the Changes with principle and introduced some important categories such as“utmost sincerity”,“the heart of producing things”,“nature”and“principle”in Neo-Confucianism into hexagram Wuwang[■ Sincerity,25],by which they successfully promoted the transformation from“Yi”to“principle”.Cheng Yi regarded Wuwang as the body of the Dao of Heaven,which is the pure principle and has no opposite.Only by acting according to heavenly principle and keeping on the right way can one have no delusion and mistakes.Most of the Ming-Qing(1368-1912)scholars such as Ji Ben and Ye You tended to relate the hexagram to Heaven and Earths heart of producing,and contended that Wuwang contains the virtue of producing,which actually refers to the virtue of ren(benevolence).Expanding from inside to outside,Wuwang can be applied to politics,which means expanding compassion to all people.In Zhu Xi's opinion,“Everything has one Wuwang”means everything possesses principle,which inherently requires selflessness and no deliberation.Confucius cherished the elder and young people and had nothing hidden to his students,which has the same purport as Wuwang.Heaven and human beings are unified in Wuwang,which exactly means the unity in principle,in benevolence,and in Taiji(Supreme Ultimate).