周子“太极-阴阳”的生生思想——基于“动静之神”的诠释

Zhou Dunyi’s Thought of Sheng shengin the Mode of “Taiji and Yin-yang”:An Interpretation Based on “Spirits of Movement and Stillness”

学界诠释《太极图说》大体以解读太极为前提。其中,以太极为形上之理的诠释,受限于形而上下的分判,在诠释“太极生阴生阳”上存在理解的困境。以太极为元气的诠释,着眼于气的自然生成,又难以落实价值层面的生生之道。事实上,周敦颐并非立足于太极揭示生生根源,同时也并非未反思元气说,给予阳变阴合根源性的说明。他主要立足于“动静互根”这一架构展开诠释,进而揭示“太极-阴阳”的生生思想。“动静互根”的诠释直接彰示与说明了极、神等根源性的内涵,展示出“太极-阴阳”为神妙的生生化成。一方面,这一诠释在未明确太极、阴阳内涵的情况下亦能落实生生的思想;另一方面,基于这一诠释而言的太极、阴阳显豁出有别于太极天理说、太极元气说的内涵。

Academic interpretation of the Taiji tushuo(An Explanation of the“Diagram of Taiji”)is roughly based on the premise of interpreting Taiji(Supreme Ultimate).Among them,the interpretation of Taiji as the metaphysical li(principle)is limited by the judgment and distinction between metaphysics and physics,and there is a dilemma in the interpretation of“Taiji produces yin and/or yang”.The interpretation of Taiji as yuan(primordial)qi(material force)focuses on the natural generation of qi which makes it difficult to account for the Dao(Way)of sheng sheng(producing and reproducing)in the realm of value.In fact,Zhou Dunyi(1017-1073)did not base his view on Taiji revealing the source of sheng sheng,nor did he fail to reflect on the theory of yuan qi so as to give an explanation of the underlying cause of the yang’s initiation and yin’s cooperation.He mainly based his ideas on the structure of“movements and stillness that are mutually rooted in each other”so as to reveal the producing and reproducing modes of“Taiji and yin-yang”.The interpretation of“movements and stillness mutually rooted in each other”directly reveals and explains the foundational connotations of Taiji and spirit,demonstrating that“Taiji and yin-yang”are marvelous production and completion.On the one hand,this interpretation can also verify the thought of sheng sheng without clarifying the connotations of Taiji and yin-yang;on the other hand,based on this interpretation,the connotations of Taiji and yin-yangare obviously different from the theory which viewed Taiji as the Heavenly Principle or primordial qi.