费氏《易》文本编次考

On the Order of Arrangement of Fei Zhi's Version of the Changes

关于费氏《易》的文本原貌,古今颇多争议。若避开费氏《易》本身,而以费氏《易》各家注本为讨论中心,则可能得出新的结论。由于马融、郑玄、王弼皆传费氏《易》,由王弼、郑玄本可以推知马融本《周易》的编次为:以《彖》《象》附经,经文重分为六卷,《系辞上》《系辞下》《文言》《说卦》《序卦》《杂卦》合为三卷,共九卷。这说明《周易》以传附经最晚在马融时已出现。但王弼之前的费氏《易》仅将《彖》《象》整体附于各卦之后,至王弼始将其散入经文,并将《文言》附于乾坤二卦中。费氏《易》颇具特色的“上经乾传第一”的题名与九卷改编本同时产生,且符合汉魏时代的一般的书籍题名特征。费氏《易》以传附经的编次形式,顺应了汉代经传合编的学术发展潮流。

There are many controversies about the original text of Fei Zhi’s version of the Book of Changes.If we lay Fei’s version itself aside but focus on later generation scholars’commentaries of Fei’s book,new conclusions may be drawn.Since Ma Rong(79-166),Zheng Xuan(127-200),and Wang Bi(226-249)all passed Fei’s Changes down,it can be inferred from Wang Bi and Zheng Xuan’s commentaries that the arrangement order of Ma Rong’s Zhou yi is as follows:the Tuan (Commentary on the Judgments)and Xiang (Commentary on the Images)were attached to the ancient text,which was divided into six volumes;also,Xici(Great Treatise)I,Xici II,Wenyan (Commentary on the Words of the Text),Shuogua (Discussion of the Trigrams),Xugua (Orderly Sequence of the Hexagrams)and Zagua (Hexagrams in Irregular Order)are combined into three volumes-a total of nine volumes.This shows that attaching commentaries to the ancient text of Zhou yi had already appeared in Ma Rong’s time at the latest.However,before Wang Bi,in the previous Fei’s Changes,only the Tuan and Xiang were attached to the ancient text as a whole.It was Wang Bi who began to disperse them into the hexagrams individually and attached the Wenyanto the two hexagrams of Qian[■,The Creative,1]and Kun[■,The Receptive,2].Fei’s Changes has a characteristic title of"The first volume:The First Qian Commentary"which emerged at the same time as the nine-volume adaptation,and it conforms to the general characteristics of book titles of the Han(202BCE-220CE)and Wei(220-265)eras.Fei Zhi’s compilation form of attaching commentaries to the ancient text of Zhou yi conforms to the academic development trend of incorporating the ancient text and commentaries into one entity in the Han dynasty.