农户收入、农户间收入差距与“新农保”制度信任

Household Income,Income Gap among Farmers and Trust in the New Rural Insurance System

从“农户”的收入与“农户间”收入差距入手,分析其对新农保制度信任的影响。研究发现:农户收入和农户间收入差距与新农保制度信任水平之间呈现出多层嵌套特征。经济发达和欠发达乡镇高收入农户都表现出较低的制度信任水平;经济欠发达乡镇低收入农户表现出较高制度信任水平;使用相关收入测度农户收入与农户间收入差距更能够体现收入对制度信任的影响且符合实际情况;不同收入层级农户对区域经济发展的主观预期与养老保险制度信任水平关系呈现差异性,高收入农户会主观调低对当前养老保险制度的信任水平,而低收入农户则表现出高信任度。农户主观感知的收入差距与实际的收入差距存在一定差异,“平均主义倾向”会扩大这种差异,导致过高的信任评价水平。调查结果显示,贫困乡镇农户的“平均主义倾向”更严重,对养老保险制度信任水平高,期望通过参与养老保险能改善收入差距,但估计结果显示农户间收入差距对制度信任水平的影响并不显著。

Starting with the farmers’income and the income gap among the farmers,this paper analyzes their impact on the trust in The New Rural Insurance System.The findings show that the relationship between farmers’income and the income gap and the trust level in the New Rural Insurance System presents the characteristics of multi-layer nesting.The rural households with higher-incomes in both the economically developed and underdeveloped towns show a lower level of institutional trust,that the rural households with lower-incomes in economically underdeveloped towns show a higher level of institutional trust,and that using relevant income to measure farmers’income and the income gap between farmers can better reflect the impact of income on the institutional trust,which is in line with the actual situation.The relationship between the subjective expectation of farmers at different income levels on the regional economic development and the level of trust in the old-age insurance system presents some differences;the higher-income farmers will subjectively reduce the level of trust in the current old-age insurance system,while the lower-income farmers show a high degree of trust.There exist some differences between farmers’subjectively perceived income gap and the actual income gap,and the“egalitarian tendency”will expand this difference,resulting in a too high level of trust evaluation.The survey results show that the“egalitarian tendency”of farmers living in poor towns is more serious,and they have a higher level of trust in the old-age insurance system.