《突发事件应对法》实施的司法之维:场景偏差、两造张力与审查模式

The Judicial Dimension of the Implementation of The Emergency Handling Law:Scene Deviation,Two Tensions and Review Mode

裁判文书是观测应急法律法规实施的独特视角。透过司法之维分析援引《突发事件应对法》的684份裁判文书,可以发现这部“应急领域基本法”在执法司法适用方面存在明显的场景偏差问题,亟须在修法、适法环节正本清源。研究同时显示,围绕应急行政行为的可诉性、突发事件的认定等具体问题,行政与司法之间保持着既默契又分歧的张力关系,而基于“功能性分权”理论的“合作程度”分析框架有助于重塑两造关系。在此基础上,法院应当针对应急行政行为的特点探索构建一套适合应急状态的司法审查模式。

Judgment documents are a unique perspective to observe the implementation of emergency laws and regulations.From the judicial dimension,this paper analyzes the 684 judgment documents citing The Emergency Handling Law.The findings show that this basic law for emergency field has obvious scene deviations in the law enforcement and judicial application,which urgently needs to be corrected in terms of law amendment and law application.The study also reveals that,around specific issues such as the justiciability of emergency administrative actions and the identification of emergencies,there maintains a tacit and divergent tension between the administration and the judiciary.In this regard,the“cooperative degree”analytical framework based on the theory of“functional decentralization”can help to reshape the relationship between the two parties.On this basis,the court should explore and construct a set of judicial review models suitable for emergency situations in accordance with the characteristics of emergency administrative actions.