区域土地利用对国土空间生态优化的影响机理及实证研究——以江苏省为例

Impact Machanism of Regional Land Use on the Ecological Optimization:A Case Study of Jiangsu Province

针对长江生态大保护需要构建有利于流域生态优化的土地利用方式这一战略需求,文章采用生态压力和生态效率表征国土空间生态优化,以土地利用与生态优化冲突较为突出的长江流域江苏省为例,基于2009—2017年该省13个地级以上市的面板数据,建立空间滞后计量模型,实证检验了土地资源配置、利用方式对国土空间生态优化的影响效应。结果表明:(1)耕地占比下降、建设用地占比上升,会显著提升生态效率,但也会显著加大生态压力;(2)林地占比上升,能同时显著降低生态压力和提升生态效率;(3)建设用地节约集约利用能显著提升生态效率,且对生态压力的加剧效应较小;(4)耕地机械化显著提升了生态效率,但也加大了生态压力。总体而言,严格保护耕地和林地,通过土地整治、闲置建设用地复垦复林,严格控制建设占用农业用地和生态用地,加强建设用地节约集约利用,因地制宜、环境友好地推进农业机械化,有利于促进国土空间生态优化、促进长江生态大保护战略实施。

The precondition of ecological conservation in Yangtze River is the construction of land use patterns which is beneficial to the ecological optimization,this paper uses ecological pressure and ecological efficiency to characterize the land ecological optimization.Using the panel data of 13 prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2017,the article empirically tests the effect of land allocation and utilization on the land ecological optimization by establishing a spatial lag model.Results show that:1)The decrease in the proportion of cultivated land and increase in the proportion of construction land will significantly improve the ecological efficiency,but also significantly increase the ecological pressure.2)The rising proportion of forest land can significantly reduce ecological pressure and improve ecological efficiency at the same time.3)The conservation and intensive use of construction land can significantly improve the ecological efficiency,and has a small aggravating effect on the ecological pressure.4)The mechanization of cultivated land has significantly improved the ecological efficiency,but also increase the ecological pressure.Overall,it puts forward some suggestions that are strict protection of cultivated land and forestland,land reclamation and reforestation through land consolidation and idle construction,strict control of construction land occupying agricultural land and ecological land,strengthening conservation and intensive utilization of construction land,and promoting agricultural mechanization in a localized and environmentally friendly manner,which is conducive to promoting land ecological optimization in Jiangsu Province.