前端环境治理、异质FDI溢出与本土企业出口绿色技术复杂度——基于倾向得分匹配倍差法的检验

End-of-pipe Environmental Governance,Heterogeneous FDI Spillover and Green Technology Sophistication of Local Enterprises’ Export——Difference-in-differences Test Based on Propensity Score Matching

本文利用生态环境部公布的五批实施清洁生产审核并通过评估验收的企业名单,在测度企业出口绿色技术复杂度的基础上,采用基于倾向得分匹配的倍差法,考察了清洁生产与异质性FDI溢出的协同效应对本土企业出口绿色技术复杂度的影响作用。研究结果表明:清洁生产对本土企业出口绿色技术复杂度整体上表现出微弱的正向作用,清洁生产与合资企业水平溢出的协同效应显著提升了本土企业出口绿色技术复杂度,但与外商独资企业水平溢出无显著的协同效应;协同效应对中污染密集度行业、低融资约束的企业出口绿色技术复杂度有更突出的影响作用。进一步研究发现,合资企业的人才流动效应和前向、后向溢出均与清洁生产有显著的协同作用,但外商独资企业仅后向溢出与清洁生产有显著的协同效应。

Using unique data that have been published by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,which included five batch of implementing clean production audit and accepted by evaluating the list of enterprise from 2005 to 2012. On the basis of measuring the export green technology sophistication of enterprise,this paper adopted the differencein-differences method based on propensity score matching,investigated the synergistic effect of clean production and heterogeneity of FDI spillover effects on the domestic enterprises export green technology sophistication. The results show that cleaner production has a weak positive effect on the local enterprises’ export green technology sophistication,and the synergistic effect between cleaner production and horizontal spillover of joint ventures significantly improves the local enterprises’ export green technology sophistication,but there is no significant synergistic effect between cleaner production and horizontal spillover of foreign-owned enterprises. The synergistic effect has a more prominent influence on the export green technology sophistication of enterprises in low financing constraint and medium pollution intensity industries. Further research shows that the talent flow effect,forward spillover and backward spillover of joint ventures have significant synergistic effects with the cleaner production. However,only the backward spillover and cleaner production have outstanding synergistic effect in WFOEs.