“X里”和“X中”的异同及其认知机制

Similarities and Differences of“X li”and“X Zhong”and Their Cognitive Mechanism

“X里”和“X中”是汉语中常见的方位结构,它们的使用有同有异。前人对其异同已有很多细致的描写,但对其异同点存在的原因解释不足。在前人研究和语料库统计的基础上,运用认知语言学中的隐喻、转喻、有界、无界等理论,对相关现象进行重新梳理和概括,对部分研究成果做了修正,试图得到一个覆盖面更广、更加准确的分类体系,并在分类描写的基础上解释异同的原因。“X里”和“X中”相同的主要原因是二者都与容器或容器隐喻有关,二者相异的主要原因则与“中”倾向于表示无边界或边界模糊的事物,而“里”倾向于表示有边界或边界较为清晰的事物有关。

“X li”and“X Zhong”are common directional constructions in Chinese language,there are similarities and differences in their usages,which have been studied by previous scholars although their explanations are not sufficient.Based on previous studies and corpus statistics,the theories of metaphor,metonymy,boundedness and unboundedness in cognitive linguistics are adopted to analyze and generalize the related phenomena,some previous research results are amended to get a wider and more accurate classification system,and the reasons for their similarities and differences are explained.The main reason that“X li”and“X Zhong”are the same is that both are related to containers or container metaphors.And the main reason for the differences is that“Zhong”tends to indicate things without borders or with blurred borders,whereas“li”tends to indicate things have borders or their borders are clear.