分散控制权:理解项目下乡实践困境的一个视角

Decentralization of Control Rights:A Perspective to the Difficulties of Projects Going to the Countryside

项目制作为国家治理的增量体制,在嵌入基层治理体制与机制过程中,彰显出“分散控制权”的规则属性。乡村治理场域中,项目控制权分为目标设定权、检查验收权、监督管理权和激励分配权四维。项目制制度规范和组织原则,塑造了控制权的静态配置规则。而项目下乡过程中,委托方和代理方及多元代理主体间的资源差异,带来控制权博弈和乡村委托-代理关系异化,导致新“乡村利益共同体”的形成及项目制基层实践意外。本研究对分散控制权概念的引介,在回应乡村治理研究由主体向规则转向的同时,也从制度和规范层面提出了化解项目下乡实践困境的相关政策建议。

The project is made as an incremental system of national governance.In the process of embedding into the grass-roots governance system and mechanism,it shows its regular attribute of“decentralized control”.In the rural governance field,the control right is divided into four dimensions:target setting right,inspection and acceptance right,supervision and management right and incentive distribution right.Project system norms and organizational principles shape the static allocation rules of control rights.However,in the process of the project going to the countryside,the resource difference between the principal and the agent and the multi-agent leads to the game of control rights and the alienation of the rural principal-agent relationship,which leads to the formation of a new“rural interest community”and the unexpected practice of the project system.The introduction of the concept of decentralized control rights in the article not only responds to the change from the main body to the rules in the study of rural governance,but also puts forward relevant policy suggestions to resolve the practical difficulties of projects going to the countryside from the institutional and normative levels.