万里碧道:生态文明背景下广东河湖水系水-岸协同治理的探索与实践

Ecological Belt:Guangdong’s Exploration and Practice on Water-shore Collaborative Governance of River and Lake Systems in the Context of Promoting Ecological Civilization

生态文明背景下我国河流水系的治理摆在了前所未有的重要位置。广东在近年治水经验的基础上,坚持问题和目标导向,借鉴国内外先进经验,提出了建设万里碧道的战略构想。万里碧道在理念认识、制度设计、设计范式三个方面,初步探索形成一条水—岸协同治理的新路径:在理念方面基于全面系统认识河流水系的价值,提出以流域为单元的水—岸协同共治,促进河流廊道沿线社会—生态系统的耦合;制度方面通过"1+3"的顶层设计,依托河长制推进协同治理;设计方面基于河流四维属性创新跨专业协同、过程适应的设计范式。

Against the background of creating an ecologically mindful civilization,the governance of our country’s river systems has been placed in an important position.Starting in the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers,the river basin has been reimagined as a unit to grow,govern water,and encourage prosperous industries through high-level overall planning,showing a new direction for river and lake water management in the modern era.River governance in Guangdong Province has gone through the stages of engineering water conservancy and resource water conservancy before entering its current ecological water conservancy stage.Still,rapid urbanization has had a great impact on the province’s water conservation efforts,and frequent extreme weather has caused great safety challenges to estuaries and coastal areas.The diversity in the field of water governance and the complexity of government management have led to inefficient systems.The traditional water governance model has difficulty dealing with increasingly complex water governance issues.With the establishment of the province’s five-level river chief system,Guangdong has put forward the strategic concept of the Ecological Belt as a starting point to promote the coordinated management of rivers and lakes.This is based on the province’s experiences with water governance in recent years and draws on advanced expertise both at home and abroad.The Ecological Belt is an ecological project,a people’s livelihood project,and an economic project all at once.It is guided by the comprehensive goals of constructing an ecological,resilient,and safe river system,building a place which improves people’s lives,and creating an ecologically vibrant waterfront sector with highquality development.Through the implementation of its"5+1"key tasks,the spatial pattern of ecology,life,and production along the river system’s corridors will be optimized to promote the development of the river basin.The"Master Planning of Guangdong The Ecological Belt"outline describes its overall characteristics as"Bay Area Leadership,Regional Linkage,Ten Corridors Stringing Beads",and puts forward a construction vision with the goal of"seeing embryonic form in three years,achieving results in six years,and making new leaps in ten years".The Ecological Belt explores the creation and expansion of collaborative governance in three aspects:concept recognition,institution design,and design paradigm.In terms of concept innovation,the Ecological Belt comprehensively and systematically recognizes the value of river systems,highlights the comprehensiveness of water-bank management,and makes use of the multiple values of ecology,safety,landscapes,and the culture of rivers.It fully reflects the dual natural and social functions of rivers.It combines water and bank management and uses the existing landscape as a medium to drive the transformation of the surrounding area,thereby guiding the formation of new economic models and new lifestyles for the entire zone.In doing so,the system forms a virtuous circle of"simultaneously natural and artificial"water,which realizes the mutual promotion and coupling of the social-ecological system.In terms of institution innovations,relying on the river chief system for coordinated governance,a"1+3"top-level framework has been established.The"1"refers to the"Opinions of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the People’s Government of Guangdong Province on the High-Quality Construction of the Ecological Belt",a document issued by the Provincial Committee and the Provincial Government to make general mobilization and overall deployment for the construction of the Ecological Belt in the whole province.The"3"refers to the construction of three systems including supporting policies,planning,and technical standards.The formulation of these policies has strengthened departmental coordination and policy support.Through the establishment of a planning compilation system,the province’s the Ecological Belt construction blueprints and implementation plans have been standardized.Finally,the formation of technical standards has provided comprehensive planning and technical guidelines for the Ecological Belt.In terms of design innovation,the four-dimensional attributes of the river have been used to innovate the design paradigm of cross-professional collaboration and process adaptation.The first is to divide the space-time"rights of way"based on the four-dimensional attributes of the river and to use the river space in a three-dimensional manner.The second is to put forward the five principles of the Ecological Belt’s design-including hydrological adaptation,near-naturalization,humanization,continuous connection,and composite dike design-and establish a cross-professional technical team to provide support.The third is to establish the concept of adaptive design and management in the face of ecological and social evolution,set multi-stage goals,establish management for the project’s full life cycle,and adapt to the development of ecology and society.As an exploration of systematic and coordinated water governance under an ecologically mindful civilization,the Ecological Belt initially formed a new path of coordinated water governance,which became the vivid practice of Xi Jinping’s thought of an ecological civilization in Guangdong.