地铁站空间文化意象感知影响因素研究--以北京老城历史街区内地铁站为例

Study on Influencing Factors of the Cultural Image Perception in Subway Station Space:Take the Subway Stations in the Historic District of Beijing as Examples

在新一轮城市地下空间扩张建设中,地铁站空间设计倾向由"功能"转向"人文",逐步演绎为传承地域文化、展示城市形象的标识性场所。研究聚焦于地铁站空间如何通过环境设计有效表达城市文化意象,首先基于文献筛选出地铁站空间文化意象感知和相关环境设计要素的多项评价指标,然后以北京市毗邻历史街区的4个典型地铁站为研究对象、252份量表型问卷调查结果为数据基础,结合SPSS和Amos软件进行因子分析并建立结构方程模型。结果显示,风貌协调、界面装饰、服务设施是控制地铁站空间文化意象感知的主要环境设计影响因素,三者相关性显著且影响程度不同,若能够统筹兼顾三者之间的整体设计,可有效强化地铁站空间的文化意象表达。最后,研究提出可供参考的策略建议。

In the new round of urbanization,subway construction has increasingly become the main axis of coordinated urban underground space development.As the engineering and technical problems are better solved,the construction and transformation of underground space turns to pay more attention to the establishment of"imagery"places that satisfy psychological experience,and to strengthen the"thematic"relationship between the above-ground and underground spaces.Based on the application of the theory of image creation in underground space and the coordination of urban public cultural construction,many cities have competed in space practice with subways as cultural media carriers,prompting the gradual interpretation of the subway station space as a sign for inheriting regional culture and displaying city images.In the process of transforming the essence of subway station space design from"function"to"humanities",the expression of cultural images such as the city’s regional characteristics,historical heritage,and place spirit has become the core issue in related practice and research.Although the existing literature has conducted a certain degree of normative research on the environmental elements and design strategies that enhance the expression of cultural images in subway stations,they have ignored the empirical analysis of cultural image influence factors measured from the perspective of the user’s subjective perception.Therefore,the research is based on literature review and analysis to extract variable evaluation indicators that characterize the cultural image of subway station space and environmental design factors,aiming to deeply study how the environmental design of subway station space can effectively strengthen the cultural image perception of surrounding area.The study takes the typical historical and cultural subway stations adjacent to historical districts-Nanluoguxiang Station,Shichahai Station,Yonghegong Station and Zhangzizhong Road Station as the research objects,while takes the above and underground parts of the subway station as the space research scope,obtained the data of the users’perception and evaluation data of cultural images and related environmental elements,through 252 phenotypic questionnaires,and combines SPSS and AMOS software to systematically and quantitatively analyze the environmental design factors that affect the perception of cultural images in the subway station space and their correlation degree,with a view to provide reasonable optimization strategies and development suggestions for relevant cultural practices on subway station.The scale index of the questionnaire includes two parts.One is the perception result of the cultural image of subway station space,including the cultural atmosphere,historical background,image taste and regional characteristics as the evaluation index.Secondly,the environmental design factors affecting the perception of cultural image of subway station are classified from the ground and underground space.The ground part involves 7 evaluation indexes including spatial scale outline,feature and style,detail elements,scenic spot connection,open space connection,landscape sketch and entrance sign.Underground space involves 8 evaluation indexes,including visual interface of subway station hall,platform area,auxiliary facilities,public art,sign system,scene theme and space experience.In order to determine the environmental design influencing factors of the cultural image perception of subway station space,and to find the internal structural relationship between the variables,the research first uses exploratory factor analysis(EFA)to divide the initial 15 environmental design indicators into reasonable dimensions,and then The structural validity test was carried out by confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),and the relationship model between the common factors of environmental design and the corresponding heading items was revised.Finally,in order to establish and verify the structural model of the perception of space cultural images in subway stations,the research is based on the structural equation model analysis(SEM),taking the result of perception of space cultural images in subway stations as the dependent variable and the common factor of the space environment design as the latent variable to verify the variables,including the influence relationship,the degree of association and the regression path coefficient between.The research results show that 1.In the evaluation of cultural image perception,the item expressing the historical heritage of the location has the highest score.In the horizontal comparison of the comprehensive evaluation of the cultural image of the 4 sample subway stations,Yonghegong Station>Nanluoguxiang Station>Shichahai Station>Zhangzizhong Road Stations,the evaluation results are basically consistent with the current environmental status of the built spaces of each subway station;2.Based on the exploratory factor analysis results,the main dimensions of the space environmental design of the subway station are determined to be three aspects:feature coordination,interface decoration,and service facilities.Based on the confirmatory factor analyze to optimize measurement model and structural model,the correlation between environmental design factors and cultural image perception was analyzed.The three latent variables all have a significant positive impact on cultural image creation and have different degrees of influence.The degree of correlation is F1 feature coordination>F2 interface decoration>F3 service facilities,and the environmental design factors are significantly positively correlated.Therefore,if the overall design between the three can be coordinated,the cultural image expression of the subway station space can be effectively strengthened;3.The demographic variable difference test shows that the difference is different Gender,age,education and occupational background have no obvious influence on the perception and evaluation of cultural images and environmental design factors of the interviewees,which proves that actively creating cultural images of subway station space is universal for all kinds of people;4.Based on the structural equation model to verify the causal relationship between environmental design factors affecting cultural image perception,the model fitting results are effective and credible,and the regression path coefficients of the three latent variables of feature coordination,interface decoration,and service facilities are 0.40、0.37、0.23,the correlation coefficient of the three latent variables has increased,indicating that the respondents’perception of the cultural image of the subway station space comes from the recognition and judgment of the coordination of the characteristics of the historical district station area,followed by the decoration of the space interface in the subway station.Information transmission is affected to a certain extent by the quality characteristics of the space service facilities inside and outside the subway station.The more obvious the intention to create the space environment design of the subway station,the stronger the perception of cultural imagery.Final y,based on the results of quantitative analysis,the study puts forward the strategy suggestion and design process for systematically constructing the cultural image of subway station space from five aspects:creating an integrated humanistic space environment,coordinating the surrounding features of subway stations,strengthening the construction of underground space scenes,improving the humanized service facilities in the station area,and cooperating to build the overall cultural image of the city.