国内外建筑自然通风研究比较--基于文献计量分析

Comparison of Natural Ventilation of Buildings in China and Abroad Based on Bibliometric Analyses

新冠疫情的爆发使人们更加关注建筑的健康性能,自然通风对改善与健康相关的空气质量有重要作用。为揭示国内外建筑自然通风研究概况,以Web of Science和CNKI中有关建筑自然通风研究的期刊文献为对象,采用文献计量分析方法,结合CiteSpace,VOSviewer的可视化功能,系统性地总结该领域研究的总体特征与演化进程。分析发现:国内外建筑自然通风领域的研究热点及研究趋势有所差异,国外建筑自然通风领域相关研究开展较早,在内容上更加丰富和细化,人的健康问题作为主要理念贯穿始终,并关注空气质量、人的行为。相比之下,我国建筑自然通风领域相关研究开展较晚,整体研究呈现分散化特点,侧重建筑节能。国内外建筑自然通风的研究方法均为实验及数值模拟,且最新的研究尝试在方案设计阶段引入计算机智能优化技术辅助建筑自然通风设计。最后对已有研究成果进行总结,并提出研究展望,以期为我国未来建筑自然通风的研究提供必要依据与启发,为改善室内环境质量、保护生态环境做出贡献。

The outbreak of COVID-19 has attracted significant research attention to the health performance of buildings.Natural ventilation plays an important role in improving indoor air quality,which is related to general health and is an important passive strategy to reduce air conditioning energy consumption.Over the past thirty years,researchers have carried out several studies on the natural ventilation of buildings.Therefore,it is difficult to accurately understand the research focus and current scenario surrounding natural ventilation in buildings.To understand the current research status on the natural ventilation of buildings,studies concerning natural ventilation in the Web of Science and CNKI databases over the past 30 years were obtained,and bibliometric analysis and visualization functions were implemented using Cite Space and VOSviewer.On this basis,a comprehensive analysis of global research hotspots and research trends was carried out.Moreover,associated Chinese studies and foreign studies were compared from the perspectives of research foundations,research content,and research methods.It was found that Chinese studies on the natural ventilation of buildings differ from foreign studies in terms of research trends.Foreign studies began earlier and are relatively mature,showing exponential growth on the whole.In contrast,Chinese studies began later,and the number of studies has declined slightly in recent years.Foreign studies are of higher quantity and depth in terms of research content in comparison to Chinese studies.Significant attention has been paid to human behavioral characteristics,from the impact of air quality on human health in the early stage to examinations of the diffusion of pollutants under natural ventilation in the later stage.Chinese studies are generally decentralized,with a wide range of content and diverse hotspots.Some studies focus on green buildings and their energy consumption.Some studies have discussed air quality and health issues under natural building ventilation.Recent studies focus more on the improvement of indoor air quality based on numerical simulation technology,but they rarely consider user behavior.Experiments and numerical simulations are the most common research methods,and numerical simulation has been a popular method in recent years.The latest research has attempted to introduce intelligent computer optimization technology to assist the natural ventilation design of buildings.This new method was developed earlier in foreign countries,and many studies have been conducted on it.Finally,existing research results were summarized,and research projects were proposed.Future research should focus on the following.(1)Based on actual weather conditions,field measurements should be carried out to explore the impact of the outdoor microclimate on indoor air quality.In addition,strategies for improving indoor air quality after coupling indoor and outdoor conditions should be investigated.(2)Future studies could comprehensively analyze the complex behaviors of users,exploring different regions and types of human-controlled environmental preferences,new methods and new technologies,and the varying needs of building users.(3)Future studies should focus on the improvement of the health performances of buildings.Moreover,the relationship between the hidden danger of indoor-outdoor crossinfection within the building and building structure under natural ventilation should be discussed in-depth.Reviewing the research conclusions on the natural ventilation of buildings over the recent 30 years can provide essential references and a research basis for relevant Chinese studies,contributing to improvements in indoor air quality and ecological environmental protection.