矮化型板栗品种沂蒙短枝在武汉的引种试验初报

Primary research on introduction experiment of dwarf chestnut cultivar ‘Yimengduanzhi’ in Wuhan city

矮化型北方板栗(Castanea mollissima Blume)品种沂蒙短枝于2013年从国家果树种质泰安核桃板栗资源圃引入湖北武汉试种,经多年栽培观察,该品种树体健壮矮化,多发粗壮短枝,少徒长,早实性好,物候期与本地晚熟品种一致。定植后第7年栗树平均树高1.9 m,平均冠径1.6 m,分别是本地品种罗田乌壳栗的53%和47%,平均株产1.46 kg,单位树冠投影面积产量0.76 kg/m^(2),丰产性好。果实较南方品种小,平均单果重8.7 g,口感细糯,适宜炒食。抗旱性较本地品种强,对多雨气候适应良好,耐涝性强。生长季节病虫害发生少,栽培管理容易,适宜在武汉种植。

Dwarf northern chestnut(Castanea mollissima Blume)cultivar‘Yimengduanzhi’was introduced from National Germplasm Repository of Walnut and Chestnut(Tai’an)to Wuhan city for experimental planting in 2013.After many years of cultivation and observation,the results showed that the plants were dwarf and grew robustly,generated short branches instead of long lateral branches,and precocity was early.The phenological periods are consistent with local late maturing varieties.The average height and crown diameter of tree after seven years of transplanting were 1.9 m and 1.6 m,equivalent to 53%and 47%of local cultivar‘Luotianwukeli’,average yield per plant was 1.46 kg,yield in crown projection per unit area was 0.76 kg/m^(2),fertility was high.The fruits are smaller than southern cultivars,mean fruit weight is 8.7 g,the nuts are perfect for stir-fry,with fine and smooth flesh.The variety has strong waterlogging tolerance and good adaptability to high humidity and rainy climate in Wuhan area,meanwhile the drought resistance is stronger than local varieties.The cultivar can grow well in Wuhan with few disease and pests,and easy cultivation and management.