高句丽时代灾异及灾异观研究

Study on the Disasters in the Age of Koguryo and Their View on Disaster

本文以《三国史记》所载高句丽灾异为研究重点。高句丽历史上共发生灾异198次,涵盖天文、地质、气象、水文等多种类型,灾异呈现出地域广泛性、类型多样性、持续性和群发性等特点。灾异对高句丽的政治、社会造成不同程度的影响。高句丽统治者对灾异采取一系列政治、经济上的应对措施,构筑了灾前防御、灾中救助、灾后恢复的灾异应对体系。高句丽的灾异观除了深受中国的“天人感应说”“阴阳五行论”影响之外,还受到来自北方系统的原始信仰或高句丽固有的土著信仰的影响,呈现出一套独具高句丽特色的完整系统的灾异观。

This paper focuses on the disasters in the age of Koguryo recorded in History of Three Kingdoms,which collects 198 disasters in the age of Koguryo,covering various types such as astronomy,geology,meteorology and hydrology.The disaster,with its broadness in region,diversity in category,sustainability in frequency,and mass occurrence,had different degrees of impact on Koguryo's political society.A series of political and economic disaster relief measures had been taken by Koguryo rulers,and a response system had been established with of pre disaster defense,disaster relief and post disaster recovery.Koguryo's view on disasters is not only deeply influenced by the Chinese concept of"The theory of the interaction between heaven and man"and"The five elements theory of negative and positive",but also influenced by the primitive beliefs from the northern system or Koguryo's inherent indigenous beliefs,all of which shows a complete and systematic view on disasters with unique Koguryo characteristics.