劳动力技能互补的时空效应及其对城市工资的影响

The Spatial-temporal Effect of Labor Skill Complementation and Its Influence on Urban Wages

利用2004—2017年中国287个城市的实证数据,通过全局莫兰指数、耦合协调度分析,并基于空间面板计量模型,就劳动力技能互补对城市工资水平的关系进行研究。研究发现:第一,高低技能劳动力在空间上呈强相关性,即在空间上具有集聚效应;但分行业的高低技能劳动力在空间上具有相斥效应。第二,高低技能劳动力在一定程度上表现为互为提升和相互促进作用,高技能劳动力的增长,会增加低技能劳动力的需求量,扩大城市规模,从而实现城市不同劳动技能之间保持相对均衡。第三,不同地区间城市高低技能劳动力耦合度正逐步缩小,将有利于城市高低技能互补效应的发挥。第四,空间杜宾模型(SDM)表明,低技能劳动力比重的增加既无法直接提高本地区工资水平,也无法通过空间溢出效应间接地提高邻近区域的工资水平,但这并不意味着低技能劳动力对城市经济发展起负面作用。城市规模增加导致城市规模工资溢价效应的存在,高低技能劳动力均会从城市规模扩张中获益。

Based on the panel data of 287 cities in China from 2004 to 2017, this paper studies the relationship between labor skill complementation and urban wage level through the analysis of global Moran index and coupling coordination degree analysis. There are following findings. Firstly, high and low skilled labor force has a strong correlated in space, that is, it has agglomeration effect in space. However, the high and low skilled labor force in different industries has the effect of repulsion in space. Secondly, to a certain extent, high and low skilled labor force acts as mutual promotion and mutual promotion. The growth of high skilled labor force will promote the demand for low skilled labor force and expand the city scale, so as to maintain a relative balance between different labor skills in the city. Thirdly, the coupling degree of high and low skilled labor force among cities in different regions is gradually decreasing, which will be conducive to the complementary effect of high and low skilled labor force in cities. Finally, Spatial Durbin model(SDM) shows that the increase in the proportion of low-skilled labor can neither directly improve the wage level of the local region, nor indirectly raise the wages of the neighboring regions through spatial spillover effect. But it does not mean that low-end labor force has a negative effect on urban economic development. Therefore, the increase of city size leads to the existence of wage premium effect of city scale, and both high and low skilled workers will benefit from the expansion of city scale.