长株潭城市群生态绿心地区森林生态系统服务功能评估

Evaluation of forest ecosystem service function in ecological green center area of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan city group

为推动生态绿心地区生态效益科学量化补偿,提高林业在绿心地区社会经济发展中的地位。基于长株潭城市群及周边森林生态站以及辅助观测点的监测结果,采用生态连清与遥感技术相结合的方法获取生态数据、以中华人民共和国国家标准《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》(GB/T 38582—2020)为依据,采用分布式测算方法,选取生物多样性保护、涵养水源、净化大气环境、固碳释氧、保育土壤和林木养分等6项功能20个指标,对长株潭城市群生态绿心地区森林生态系统服务功能进行定量评估。结果表明,2020年长株潭城市群绿心地区森林生态系统服务功能物质量为:涵养水源总物质量为1.01亿m^(3)·a^(-1);森林固土总物质量为59.29万t·a^(-1);减少土壤氮、磷、钾和有机质流失量分别为928.64 t·a^(-1)、368.12 t·a^(-1)、7671.60 t·a^(-1)和14981.80 t·a^(-1);固碳总物质量为9.29万t·a^(-1),释氧总物质量为18.83万t·a^(-1);林木氮、磷、钾固持量分别为878.26 t·a^(-1)、91.98 t·a^(-1)和381.69 t·a^(-1);提供负离子总物质量为40.64×1022个·a^(-1),吸收污染物总物质量为5995.80 t·a^(-1),滞尘总物质量为722927.90 t·a^(-1)。绿心地区森林生态系统服务功能价值量总计18.39亿元·a^(-1),在6项森林生态系统服务价值的贡献之中,其从大到小的顺序为:涵养水源、生物多样性保育、净化大气环境、固碳释氧、保育土壤和林木养分固持。6项森林生态功能的价值量和所占比率分别为:涵养水源7.00亿元·a^(-1),38.08%;生物多样性保育:5.98亿元·a^(-1),32.51%;净化大气环境:2.38亿元·a^(-1),12.93%;固碳释氧:1.91亿元·a^(-1),10.37%;保育土壤:0.94亿元·a^(-1),5.13%;林木养分固持0.18亿元·a^(-1),0.99%。各项森林生态系统服务价值量所占总价值量的比例,能够充分体现出该区域森林生态系统以及森林资源结构的特点。

In order to promote ecological green center area ecological benefit scientific quantification compensation and improve the status of forestry in the social and economic development of green center area.Based on the monitoring results of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group and its surrounding forest ecological stations as well as auxiliary observation points,the ecological data was obtained by the combination of ecological continuous clearing and remote sensing technology.With the basis of the national standard of the People's Republic of China“Specification for forest ecosystem service function evaluation”(GB/T 38582—2020),the service function of forest ecosystem in the ecological green center area of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan city group was quantitatively evaluated by using the distributed calculation method,and 20 indicators of six functions were selected,including biodiversity protection,water conservation,atmospheric environment purification,carbon fixation and oxygen release,soil conservation,and forest nutrient.The results showed that,in 2020,the total water conservation material of forest ecosystem service function was 101 million cubic meters per year,and the total mass of forest soil was 592.9 thousand tons per year.Besides,the reduction of soil nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and organic matter loss were 928.64 tons,368.12 tons,7671.60 tons,and 14981.80 tons per year,respectively.The total mass of carbon sequestration was 92900 tons per year and the total mass of oxygen release was 188300 tons per year.Forest nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium retention were 878.26 tons,91.98 tons,and 381.69 tons per year,respectively.The total mass of negative ions was 40.64×10^(22) per year,the total mass of absorbed pollutants was 5995.80 tons per year,and the total mass of dust retention was 722927.90 tons per year.The total value was 1.839 billion yuan per year.Among the six contributions of forest ecosystem service value,the descending order was:water conservation,biodiversity conservation,atmospheric environment purification,carbon fixation and oxygen release,soil conservation,and forest nutrient fixation.The value and proportion of six forest ecological functions were as follows:The water conservation was 700 million yuan per year,and the proportion was 38.08%.The biodiversity conservation was 598 million yuan per year,and the proportion was 32.51%.The purification of atmospheric environment was 238 million yuan per year,and the proportion was 12.93%.The carbon fixation and oxygen release was 191 million yuan per year,and the proportion was 10.37%.The soil conservation was 94 million yuan per year,and the proportion was 5.13%.The forest nutrient retention was 18 million yuan per year,and the proportion was 0.99%.The proportion of forest ecosystem service value to total value could fully reflect the characteristics of forest ecosystem and forest resource structure in the region.